HLES_Environment

About the Environment Survey

The Environment Survey focuses on the dog’s physical and built environment, chemical environment and exposures, and social environment. In Curated Data, these owner-reported values are paired with zip code-specific environment data, including census tract-level sociodemographic and economic indicators, air pollution indicators, climate and weather variables, and walkability scores. Participant addresses, including zip code, are withheld from Curated Data to protect privacy. All scientific studies that require geographic linkage must be done in collaboration with the DAP Data and Analysis team.

Survey Instrument: HLES Environment

Measures of residential mobility

Other places the dog has lived
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Number of former residences for the dog [de_lifetime_residence_count]
1 26,817 (57%)
2 11,157 (24%)
3 4,594 (10%)
4 2,133 (4%)
5 1,155 (2%)
6 637 (1%)
7 404 (1%)
8 197 (<1%)
9 119 (<1%)
10 81 (<1%)
11 131 (<1%)
12 19 (<1%)
Number of former ZIP codes [de_past_residence_zip_count]
0 32,187 (68%)
1 8,000 (17%)
2 4,020 (8%)
3 1,667 (4%)
4 807 (2%)
5 375 (1%)
6 195 (<1%)
7 89 (<1%)
8 40 (<1%)
9 22 (<1%)
10 42 (<1%)
Number of former countries of residence [de_past_residence_country_count]
0 46,823 (99%)
1 560 (1%)
2 42 (<1%)
3 10 (<1%)
4 6 (<1%)
5 1 (<1%)
7 1 (<1%)
10 1 (<1%)

About the dog’s primary address

Characteristics of the dog's home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Type of area [de_home_area_type]
Suburban (residing outside of an urban center) 28,882 (61%)
Rural (living outside of the city and suburbs) 10,017 (21%)
Urban (residing inside the city) 8,545 (18%)
Type of home [de_home_type]
Single family 39,264 (83%)
Condo or townhome 3,232 (7%)
Apartment 3,012 (6%)
Multifamily (such as a duplex) 1,319 (3%)
Mobile home or RV 443 (1%)
Other 174 (<1%)
Year the home was built [de_home_construction_decade]
< 1900 1,505 (3%)
1900s 1,212 (3%)
1910s 1,012 (2%)
1920s 2,283 (5%)
1930s 1,176 (2%)
1940s 1,896 (4%)
1950s 4,424 (9%)
1960s 3,872 (8%)
1970s 5,420 (11%)
1980s 6,013 (13%)
1990s 6,240 (13%)
2000s 6,665 (14%)
2010-current 5,726 (12%)
Number of years in home [de_home_years_lived_in]
Less than 1 4,107 (9%)
1 2,895 (6%)
2 4,041 (9%)
3 3,625 (8%)
4 2,652 (6%)
5 2,682 (6%)
6 1,908 (4%)
7 1,576 (3%)
8 1,380 (3%)
9 853 (2%)
10 1,644 (3%)
11 939 (2%)
12 1,062 (2%)
13 932 (2%)
14 932 (2%)
15+ 16,216 (34%)
Square footage of the home [de_home_square_footage_bin]
< 500 398 (1%)
500 - 1000 4,048 (9%)
1000 - 1500 9,427 (20%)
1500 - 2000 10,571 (22%)
2000 - 2500 9,268 (20%)
2500 - 3000 5,197 (11%)
3000 - 3500 3,946 (8%)
3500 - 4000 1,821 (4%)
4000 - 4500 1,180 (2%)
4500 - 5000 467 (1%)
> 5000 1,121 (2%)

Chemical environment: air and water

Fuel sources in the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Primary heating fuel source [de_primary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 25,158 (53%)
Electric 15,183 (32%)
Oil 2,308 (5%)
Wood 862 (2%)
Propane 2,453 (5%)
Other 945 (2%)
Unknown 535 (1%)
Presence of a secondary heating method [de_secondary_heat_fuel_used]
No 35,282 (74%)
Yes 10,756 (23%)
Unknown 1,406 (3%)
Subset sample size: 10,756 Count (%)
Secondary heating fuel source [de_secondary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 1,745 (16%)
Electric 3,015 (28%)
Oil 241 (2%)
Wood 3,990 (37%)
Propane 1,273 (12%)
Other 480 (4%)
Unknown 12 (<1%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Primary cooking fuel source [de_primary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 20,364 (43%)
Electric 23,409 (49%)
Oil 63 (<1%)
Wood 37 (<1%)
Propane 3,403 (7%)
Other 56 (<1%)
Unknown 112 (<1%)
Presence of a secondary cooking method [de_secondary_stove_fuel_used]
No 39,016 (82%)
Yes 8,257 (17%)
Unknown 171 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 8,257 Count (%)
Secondary cooking fuel source [de_secondary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 444 (5%)
Electric 4,164 (50%)
Oil 2 (<1%)
Wood 366 (4%)
Propane 2,766 (33%)
Other 509 (6%)
Unknown 6 (<1%)
About the dog's drinking water
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Source of drinking water [de_drinking_water_source]
Municipal 35,903 (76%)
Non-municipal well water (treated/filtered) 5,511 (12%)
Non-municipal well water (untreated/unfiltered) 3,098 (7%)
Bottled or commercially delivered 1,482 (3%)
Other 1,290 (3%)
Don't know 160 (<1%)
Presence of a water filtration system [de_drinking_water_is_filtered]
No 32,264 (68%)
Yes 15,004 (32%)
Unknown 176 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 24,188 Count (%)
Type of pipes, if known [de_pipe_type]
Copper or metal 12,448 (51%)
PVC or plastic 11,173 (46%)
Other 567 (2%)
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Secondary smoke exposure (hours per day) [de_second_hand_smoke_hours_per_day]
0 45,256 (95%)
1 1,214 (3%)
2 323 (1%)
3 115 (<1%)
4 109 (<1%)
5 62 (<1%)
6 46 (<1%)
7 13 (<1%)
8 66 (<1%)
9 7 (<1%)
10 58 (<1%)
11 1 (<1%)
12 59 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 9 (<1%)
15 15 (<1%)
16 22 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 8 (<1%)
20 11 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 1 (<1%)
24 44 (<1%)
Heating and cooling systems
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Central air conditioning [de_central_air_conditioning_present]
No 12,362 (26%)
Yes 35,060 (74%)
Unknown 22 (<1%)
Room or window unit AC [de_room_or_window_air_conditioning_present]
No 37,216 (78%)
Yes 10,146 (21%)
Unknown 82 (<1%)
Central heat [de_central_heat_present]
No 4,812 (10%)
Yes 42,521 (90%)
Unknown 111 (<1%)
Potential chemical exposures
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Asbestos [de_asbestos_present]
No 42,145 (89%)
Yes 768 (2%)
Unknown 4,531 (10%)
Radon [de_radon_present]
No 38,288 (81%)
Yes 1,293 (3%)
Unknown 7,863 (17%)
Lead paint [de_lead_present]
No 41,643 (88%)
Yes 1,122 (2%)
Unknown 4,679 (10%)
Mothballs [de_mothball_present]
No 45,595 (96%)
Yes 922 (2%)
Unknown 927 (2%)
Incense or scented candles [de_incense_present]
No 22,216 (47%)
Yes 25,012 (53%)
Unknown 216 (<1%)
Aerosol or plug-in air fresheners [de_air_freshener_present]
No 32,904 (69%)
Yes 14,223 (30%)
Unknown 317 (1%)
Air filtration in the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Standalone air cleaners [de_air_cleaner_present]
No 36,122 (76%)
Yes 10,922 (23%)
Unknown 400 (1%)
HEPA filters in air circulation [de_hepa_present]
No 28,043 (59%)
Yes 17,368 (37%)
Unknown 2,033 (4%)
Fireplaces and woodstoves
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Wood burning fireplace or woodstove [de_wood_fireplace_present]
No 35,613 (75%)
Yes 11,512 (24%)
Unknown 319 (1%)
Subset sample size: 11,512 Count (%)
Number of times wood fires lit per week [de_wood_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,681 (15%)
< 1 3,573 (31%)
1 1,048 (9%)
2 1,167 (10%)
3 898 (8%)
4 476 (4%)
5 586 (5%)
6 229 (2%)
7 1,200 (10%)
8 47 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10+ 589 (5%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Gas fireplace [de_gas_fireplace_present]
No 33,224 (70%)
Yes 13,931 (29%)
Unknown 289 (1%)
Subset sample size: 13,931 Count (%)
Number of times gas fireplace lit per week [de_gas_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,688 (12%)
< 1 3,379 (24%)
1 1,109 (8%)
2 1,376 (10%)
3 1,290 (9%)
4 830 (6%)
5 1,122 (8%)
6 377 (3%)
7 1,748 (13%)
8 55 (<1%)
9 28 (<1%)
10+ 929 (7%)

Built environment: flooring and stairs

Types of flooring in the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Wood [de_floor_types_wood]
No 16,691 (35%)
Yes 30,753 (65%)
Subset sample size: 30,753 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on wood flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_wood]
Never 231 (1%)
Rarely 1,169 (4%)
Occasionally 3,330 (11%)
Very often 26,023 (85%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Carpet [de_floor_types_carpet]
No 10,280 (22%)
Yes 37,164 (78%)
Subset sample size: 37,164 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on carpet [de_floor_frequency_on_carpet]
Never 399 (1%)
Rarely 2,011 (5%)
Occasionally 5,445 (15%)
Very often 29,309 (79%)
Subset sample size: 47,029 Count (%)
Concrete* [de_floor_types_concrete]
No 37,719 (80%)
Yes 9,310 (20%)
Subset sample size: 9,310 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on concrete flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_concrete]
Never 806 (9%)
Rarely 3,297 (35%)
Occasionally 3,025 (32%)
Very often 2,182 (23%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Tile [de_floor_types_tile]
No 16,440 (35%)
Yes 31,004 (65%)
Subset sample size: 31,004 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on tile flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_tile]
Never 774 (2%)
Rarely 6,579 (21%)
Occasionally 9,052 (29%)
Very often 14,599 (47%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Linoleum [de_floor_types_linoleum]
No 35,027 (74%)
Yes 12,417 (26%)
Subset sample size: 12,417 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on linoleum [de_floor_frequency_on_linoleum]
Never 496 (4%)
Rarely 2,466 (20%)
Occasionally 3,711 (30%)
Very often 5,744 (46%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Laminate [de_floor_types_laminate]
No 31,979 (67%)
Yes 15,465 (33%)
Subset sample size: 15,465 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on laminate flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_laminate]
Never 245 (2%)
Rarely 1,388 (9%)
Occasionally 3,059 (20%)
Very often 10,773 (70%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Other floor types [de_floor_types_other]
No 43,678 (92%)
Yes 3,766 (8%)
Subset sample size: 3,766 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on other floor types [de_floor_frequency_on_other]
Never 48 (1%)
Rarely 268 (7%)
Occasionally 771 (20%)
Very often 2,679 (71%)
*"Concrete" flooring type was added as an option in early 2020
Stairs in the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Presence of stairs regularly used by dog [de_stairs_in_home]
No 21,976 (46%)
Yes 25,468 (54%)
Subset sample size: 25,468 Count (%)
Number of times dog uses stairs per day [de_stairs_avg_flights_per_day]
0 331 (1%)
< 1 1,453 (6%)
1 1,067 (4%)
2 2,725 (11%)
3 1,878 (7%)
4 3,318 (13%)
5 2,261 (9%)
6 2,773 (11%)
7 389 (2%)
8 1,773 (7%)
9 104 (<1%)
10 3,718 (15%)
11 26 (<1%)
12 926 (4%)
13 40 (<1%)
14 133 (1%)
15 898 (4%)
16 135 (1%)
17 19 (<1%)
18 39 (<1%)
19 4 (<1%)
20+ 1,458 (6%)

About the dog’s use of toys

Patterns of toy use
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Use of toys on a regular basis [de_routine_toys]
No 10,417 (22%)
Yes 37,027 (78%)
Types of toys used by the dog
Subset sample size: 37,027 Count (%)
Plastic toys [de_routine_toys_include_plastic]
No 19,327 (52%)
Yes 17,350 (47%)
Unknown 350 (1%)
Stuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_stuffed]
No 7,391 (20%)
Yes 29,621 (80%)
Unknown 15 (<1%)
Unstuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_unstuffed]
No 17,531 (47%)
Yes 19,392 (52%)
Unknown 104 (<1%)
Rubber toys [de_routine_toys_include_rubber]
No 12,127 (33%)
Yes 24,680 (67%)
Unknown 220 (1%)
Metal toys [de_routine_toys_include_metal]
No 36,649 (99%)
Yes 242 (1%)
Unknown 136 (<1%)
Edible chew toys (animal origin) [de_routine_toys_include_animal_products]
No 15,142 (41%)
Yes 21,835 (59%)
Unknown 50 (<1%)
Latex toys [de_routine_toys_include_latex]
No 32,928 (89%)
Yes 2,634 (7%)
Unknown 1,465 (4%)
Rope toys [de_routine_toys_include_rope]
No 18,584 (50%)
Yes 18,379 (50%)
Unknown 64 (<1%)
Tennis balls [de_routine_toys_include_tennis_balls]
No 15,388 (42%)
Yes 21,267 (57%)
Unknown 43 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Sticks [de_routine_toys_include_sticks]
No 19,779 (53%)
Yes 16,812 (45%)
Unknown 107 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Other types of toys [de_routine_toys_include_other]
No 30,847 (83%)
Yes 3,405 (9%)
Unknown 2,775 (7%)
Frequency of toy use
Subset sample size: 37,027 Count (%)
Toy use (hours per day) [de_routine_toys_hours_per_day]
0 63 (<1%)
<1 10,724 (29%)
1 9,788 (26%)
2 8,329 (22%)
3 3,886 (10%)
4 2,184 (6%)
5 836 (2%)
6 575 (2%)
7 79 (<1%)
8 298 (1%)
9 19 (<1%)
10 117 (<1%)
11 6 (<1%)
12 50 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 8 (<1%)
15 25 (<1%)
16 6 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
20 18 (<1%)
24 10 (<1%)

Sleeping patterns and locations

Sleep habits
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Typical nighttime sleeping location [de_nighttime_sleep_location]
In my room 36,898 (78%)
Elsewhere in the house 9,714 (20%)
In a garage or barn 181 (<1%)
Outside 202 (<1%)
Other 449 (1%)
Hours of sleep on an average night [de_nighttime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 5 (<1%)
2 5 (<1%)
3 15 (<1%)
4 52 (<1%)
5 310 (1%)
6 2,390 (5%)
7 7,352 (15%)
8 20,892 (44%)
9 7,382 (16%)
10 6,006 (13%)
11 681 (1%)
12 1,105 (2%)
13 61 (<1%)
14 71 (<1%)
15 17 (<1%)
16 9 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
Don't know 1,079 (2%)
Alternate daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location_different]
No 6,668 (14%)
Yes 40,776 (86%)
Subset sample size: 40,776 Count (%)
Typical daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location]
In my room 1,104 (3%)
Elsewhere in the house 37,198 (91%)
In a garage or barn 145 (<1%)
Outside 969 (2%)
Other 1,360 (3%)
Hours of sleep on an average day [de_daytime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 63 (<1%)
1 632 (1%)
2 2,920 (6%)
3 4,525 (10%)
4 6,560 (14%)
5 4,233 (9%)
6 4,897 (10%)
7 1,352 (3%)
8 3,657 (8%)
9 911 (2%)
10 2,780 (6%)
11 563 (1%)
12 2,758 (6%)
13 527 (1%)
14 1,579 (3%)
15 1,057 (2%)
16 1,338 (3%)
17 220 (<1%)
18 905 (2%)
19 176 (<1%)
20 468 (1%)
21 69 (<1%)
22 54 (<1%)
23 8 (<1%)
Don't know 5,192 (11%)

Interactions with hazardous materials

Ingestion of hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Dog licks or chews items other than toys [de_licks_chews_or_plays_with_non_toys]
No 39,369 (83%)
Yes 8,075 (17%)
Ingestion of hazardous items in past year [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_frequency]
Never 39,505 (83%)
1-2 times 5,355 (11%)
Greater than 2 times 2,584 (5%)
Subset sample size: 7,939 Count (%)
Hazardous items ingested (Multiple choice) [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_]
Chocolate 786 (10%)
Clothing 817 (10%)
Dead Animal 1,463 (18%)
Garbage Or Food 3,718 (47%)
Human Medication 272 (3%)
Other 3,202 (40%)
Pet Medication 145 (2%)
Poison 169 (2%)
Toys 2,186 (28%)
Ingestion of hazardous item required veterinary care [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_required_vet]
No 6,102 (77%)
Yes 1,837 (23%)

Interactions with other animals

Animals inside or outside the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Other animals present in dog's environment [de_other_present_animals]
No 16,622 (35%)
Yes 30,822 (65%)
Subset sample size: 30,822 Count (%)
Types of other animals (Multiple choice) [de_other_present_animals_]
Dogs 21,687 (70%)
Cats 14,951 (49%)
Wildlife 10,959 (36%)
Birds 5,904 (19%)
Rodents 4,333 (14%)
Fish 3,739 (12%)
Reptiles 3,125 (10%)
Livestock 1,809 (6%)
Horses 1,499 (5%)
Other 1,381 (4%)
Number of other animals indoors [de_other_present_animals_indoor_count]
0 2,538 (8%)
1 11,721 (38%)
2 7,012 (23%)
3 3,900 (13%)
4 2,146 (7%)
5 1,179 (4%)
6 709 (2%)
7 424 (1%)
8 321 (1%)
9 177 (1%)
10 155 (1%)
>10 540 (2%)
Number of other animals outdoors [de_other_present_animals_outdoor_count]
0 25,312 (82%)
1 1,292 (4%)
2 751 (2%)
3 485 (2%)
4 381 (1%)
5 293 (1%)
6 251 (1%)
7 158 (1%)
8 158 (1%)
9 107 (<1%)
10 163 (1%)
>10 1,471 (5%)
Interactions between the dog and other animals [de_other_present_animals_interact_with_dog]
No 3,529 (11%)
Yes 27,293 (89%)

About the dog’s daily routine

Daily patterns
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Consistency of daily routine [de_routine_consistency]
No daily routine/my routine varies a lot 1,234 (3%)
Same routine every day 20,836 (44%)
Same routine on weekdays only 6,531 (14%)
Same routine 3-5 days a week 5,570 (12%)
Same routine on weekends only 56 (<1%)
Same routine on most weekends and same routine on most weekdays 13,217 (28%)
Routine activities in a typical day (hours per day)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Crate or cage [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_crate]
0 35,319 (74%)
<1 2,925 (6%)
1 783 (2%)
2 916 (2%)
3 511 (1%)
4 512 (1%)
5 299 (1%)
6 642 (1%)
7 639 (1%)
8 2,263 (5%)
9 828 (2%)
10 776 (2%)
11 152 (<1%)
12 388 (1%)
13 71 (<1%)
14 121 (<1%)
15 65 (<1%)
16 99 (<1%)
17 26 (<1%)
18 43 (<1%)
19 12 (<1%)
20 25 (<1%)
21 5 (<1%)
22 4 (<1%)
23 3 (<1%)
24 17 (<1%)
Free roaming in home [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_house]
0 546 (1%)
<1 291 (1%)
1 214 (<1%)
2 392 (1%)
3 346 (1%)
4 680 (1%)
5 554 (1%)
6 911 (2%)
7 399 (1%)
8 1,801 (4%)
9 454 (1%)
10 1,722 (4%)
11 380 (1%)
12 3,085 (7%)
13 606 (1%)
14 1,746 (4%)
15 1,565 (3%)
16 3,392 (7%)
17 663 (1%)
18 1,069 (2%)
19 398 (1%)
20 2,094 (4%)
21 1,345 (3%)
22 2,673 (6%)
23 2,644 (6%)
24 17,474 (37%)
Garage or shop [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_garage]
0 43,972 (93%)
<1 2,191 (5%)
1 427 (1%)
2 280 (1%)
3 100 (<1%)
4 110 (<1%)
5 44 (<1%)
6 54 (<1%)
7 26 (<1%)
8 104 (<1%)
9 22 (<1%)
10 48 (<1%)
11 4 (<1%)
12 18 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 7 (<1%)
15 2 (<1%)
16 6 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 3 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 3 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 15 (<1%)
Outdoor kennel [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_outdoor_kennel]
0 46,720 (98%)
<1 276 (1%)
1 88 (<1%)
2 91 (<1%)
3 36 (<1%)
4 38 (<1%)
5 13 (<1%)
6 22 (<1%)
7 19 (<1%)
8 53 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 20 (<1%)
12 17 (<1%)
13 3 (<1%)
14 3 (<1%)
15 1 (<1%)
16 4 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 10 (<1%)
Fenced yard or pen [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_yard]
0 14,000 (30%)
<1 7,770 (16%)
1 7,590 (16%)
2 7,415 (16%)
3 4,232 (9%)
4 2,567 (5%)
5 790 (2%)
6 852 (2%)
7 135 (<1%)
8 716 (2%)
9 87 (<1%)
10 268 (1%)
11 29 (<1%)
12 299 (1%)
13 22 (<1%)
14 56 (<1%)
15 29 (<1%)
16 71 (<1%)
17 11 (<1%)
18 14 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 31 (<1%)
21 13 (<1%)
22 34 (<1%)
23 30 (<1%)
24 381 (1%)
Free roaming outside [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_outside]
0 35,875 (76%)
<1 4,838 (10%)
1 2,620 (6%)
2 1,801 (4%)
3 896 (2%)
4 506 (1%)
5 167 (<1%)
6 197 (<1%)
7 25 (<1%)
8 162 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 74 (<1%)
11 7 (<1%)
12 73 (<1%)
13 7 (<1%)
14 24 (<1%)
15 9 (<1%)
16 23 (<1%)
17 4 (<1%)
18 8 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 9 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 5 (<1%)
24 90 (<1%)
On a chain or lead [de_routine_hours_per_day_chained_outside]
0 35,888 (76%)
<1 4,391 (9%)
1 3,898 (8%)
2 2,208 (5%)
3 733 (2%)
4 186 (<1%)
5 46 (<1%)
6 28 (<1%)
7 5 (<1%)
8 23 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 6 (<1%)
12 10 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 1 (<1%)
16 3 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 1 (<1%)
20 1 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 5 (<1%)
In a location away from home [de_routine_hours_per_day_away_from_home]
0 33,851 (71%)
<1 4,230 (9%)
1 3,423 (7%)
2 2,469 (5%)
3 900 (2%)
4 555 (1%)
5 257 (1%)
6 316 (1%)
7 146 (<1%)
8 736 (2%)
9 188 (<1%)
10 207 (<1%)
11 30 (<1%)
12 79 (<1%)
13 4 (<1%)
14 13 (<1%)
15 5 (<1%)
16 10 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 12 (<1%)
Interacting with other animals [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_other_animals]
0 8,325 (18%)
<1 11,930 (25%)
1 4,168 (9%)
2 2,736 (6%)
3 1,255 (3%)
4 1,326 (3%)
5 660 (1%)
6 963 (2%)
7 234 (<1%)
8 1,487 (3%)
9 182 (<1%)
10 1,082 (2%)
11 81 (<1%)
12 1,621 (3%)
13 136 (<1%)
14 487 (1%)
15 444 (1%)
16 1,290 (3%)
17 200 (<1%)
18 308 (1%)
19 24 (<1%)
20 359 (1%)
21 29 (<1%)
22 171 (<1%)
23 151 (<1%)
24 7,795 (16%)
Interacting with adults [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_adults]
0 363 (1%)
<1 948 (2%)
1 894 (2%)
2 1,928 (4%)
3 2,065 (4%)
4 3,127 (7%)
5 2,153 (5%)
6 3,273 (7%)
7 849 (2%)
8 4,787 (10%)
9 514 (1%)
10 3,501 (7%)
11 245 (1%)
12 5,179 (11%)
13 401 (1%)
14 1,769 (4%)
15 1,460 (3%)
16 4,023 (8%)
17 493 (1%)
18 1,119 (2%)
19 93 (<1%)
20 1,043 (2%)
21 93 (<1%)
22 417 (1%)
23 236 (<1%)
24 6,471 (14%)
Interacting with teenagers (13-17) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_teens]
0 40,384 (85%)
<1 2,932 (6%)
1 660 (1%)
2 649 (1%)
3 331 (1%)
4 406 (1%)
5 234 (<1%)
6 300 (1%)
7 80 (<1%)
8 375 (1%)
9 33 (<1%)
10 211 (<1%)
11 10 (<1%)
12 258 (1%)
13 19 (<1%)
14 68 (<1%)
15 58 (<1%)
16 130 (<1%)
17 12 (<1%)
18 39 (<1%)
19 6 (<1%)
20 26 (<1%)
21 2 (<1%)
22 5 (<1%)
23 7 (<1%)
24 209 (<1%)
Interacting with children (<13) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_children]
0 37,101 (78%)
<1 4,747 (10%)
1 938 (2%)
2 755 (2%)
3 492 (1%)
4 540 (1%)
5 330 (1%)
6 460 (1%)
7 94 (<1%)
8 508 (1%)
9 48 (<1%)
10 282 (1%)
11 9 (<1%)
12 417 (1%)
13 35 (<1%)
14 99 (<1%)
15 68 (<1%)
16 153 (<1%)
17 12 (<1%)
18 47 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 30 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 6 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 265 (1%)

About the dog’s yard

General characteristics
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Size of the yard at home [de_property_area]
I do not have a yard or my dog does not use a yard 4,705 (10%)
Less than 500 square feet 3,732 (8%)
500 to 1000 square feet 9,196 (19%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 11,130 (23%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 9,465 (20%)
1 - 3 acres 4,767 (10%)
More than 3 acres 4,449 (9%)
Subset sample size: 42,739 Count (%)
Regular access to the yard by the dog [de_property_accessible]
No 3,455 (8%)
Yes 39,284 (92%)
Subset sample size: 39,284 Count (%)
Area of yard accessible to the dog [de_property_area_accessible]
Less than 500 square feet 4,285 (11%)
500 to 1000 square feet 10,967 (28%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 11,612 (30%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 6,875 (18%)
1 - 3 acres 3,410 (9%)
More than 3 acres 2,135 (5%)
Presence of fence or other containment [de_property_containment_type]
No, dog is not contained 4,776 (12%)
Yes, dog is contained by a fence or barrier 29,254 (74%)
Yes, dog is contained by a lead or chain 2,498 (6%)
Yes, dog is contained in a kennel 27 (<1%)
Yes, dog is contained in another way 856 (2%)
Yes, dog is contained by an invisible fence 1,726 (4%)
Yes, dog is contained by an electric fence 147 (<1%)
Sources of drinking water in the yard (Multiple choice) [de_property_drinking_water_]
Bowl 28,183 (72%)
Hose 3,109 (8%)
None 8,587 (22%)
Other 3,616 (9%)
Puddles 4,392 (11%)
Unknown 147 (<1%)
Pesticide and herbicide application
Subset sample size: 39,284 Count (%)
Yard treated to control weeds [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
No 27,779 (71%)
Yes 10,761 (27%)
Unknown 744 (2%)
Subset sample size: 11,505 Count (%)
Frequency of herbicide applicaton [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 1,313 (11%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 4,986 (43%)
Irregularly applied, year round 322 (3%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,412 (21%)
Infrequently 1,728 (15%)
Unknown 744 (6%)
Home treated to control insects and pests [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Never 29,733 (63%)
Regularly applied, year round 5,548 (12%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 4,988 (11%)
Irregularly applied, year round 881 (2%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,276 (5%)
Infrequently 2,589 (5%)
Unknown 1,429 (3%)
Subset sample size: 13,923 Count (%)
Frequence of pesticide application [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 4,545 (33%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 4,139 (30%)
Irregularly applied, year round 676 (5%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 1,928 (14%)
Infrequently 2,142 (15%)
Unknown 493 (4%)
Ingestion of non-hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Ingestion of grass [de_eats_grass_frequency]
Never 7,270 (15%)
Frequently 13,508 (28%)
Infrequently 26,666 (56%)
Ingestion of feces [de_eats_feces]
No 34,671 (73%)
Yes 10,681 (23%)
Unknown 2,092 (4%)
Subset sample size: 10,681 Count (%)
Type of feces (Multiple choice) [de_eats_feces_]
Wildlife 4,455 (42%)
Own Feces 3,682 (34%)
Other Dog 3,533 (33%)
Cat 3,347 (31%)
Other 918 (9%)
Horse 862 (8%)
Cattle 245 (2%)
Alterate outdoor water sources
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Drinking from outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water]
No 29,933 (63%)
Yes 17,511 (37%)
Subset sample size: 17,511 Count (%)
Frequency of use of outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water_frequency]
Daily 1,814 (10%)
Weekly 4,872 (28%)
Monthly 2,927 (17%)
Rarely 7,898 (45%)

Neighborhood characteristics

Features of the environment around the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Traffic noise heard from inside home [de_traffic_noise_in_home_frequency]
Never 6,487 (14%)
Seldom 18,364 (39%)
Sometimes 14,531 (31%)
Usually 5,718 (12%)
Always 2,331 (5%)
Unknown 13 (<1%)
Traffic noise heard from yard [de_traffic_noise_in_property_frequency]
Never 1,663 (4%)
Seldom 11,203 (29%)
Sometimes 14,287 (36%)
Usually 7,996 (20%)
Always 4,124 (10%)
Unknown 11 (<1%)
Sidewalks in dog's neighborhood [de_neighborhood_has_sidewalks]
No 17,035 (36%)
Yes, on all the streets 20,203 (43%)
Yes, on some streets 10,206 (22%)
Parks within half a mile of home [de_neighborhood_has_parks]
No 7,962 (17%)
Yes 39,482 (83%)

Neighborhood social environment

Interactions near the home
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Dog interactions with animals [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals]
No 21,123 (45%)
Yes 26,321 (55%)
Subset sample size: 26,321 Count (%)
Owner present during animal interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals_with_owner]
No 2,431 (9%)
Yes 23,890 (91%)
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Dog interactions with humans [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans]
No 13,145 (28%)
Yes 34,299 (72%)
Subset sample size: 34,299 Count (%)
Owner present during human interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans_with_owner]
No 3,039 (9%)
Yes 31,260 (91%)

Extralocal environmental exposure

Dog parks
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Taking dog to dog park [de_dogpark]
No 28,460 (60%)
Yes 18,984 (40%)
Subset sample size: 18,984 Count (%)
Days per month at dog park [de_dogpark_days_per_month]
< 1 5,645 (30%)
1 2,518 (13%)
2 2,394 (13%)
3 1,164 (6%)
4 1,861 (10%)
5 847 (4%)
6 447 (2%)
7 211 (1%)
8 550 (3%)
9 47 (<1%)
10 622 (3%)
11 10 (<1%)
12 263 (1%)
13 18 (<1%)
14 68 (<1%)
15 384 (2%)
16 63 (<1%)
17 16 (<1%)
18 40 (<1%)
19 4 (<1%)
20 510 (3%)
21 38 (<1%)
22 37 (<1%)
23 22 (<1%)
24 45 (<1%)
25 279 (1%)
26 41 (<1%)
27 27 (<1%)
28 97 (1%)
29 31 (<1%)
30 301 (2%)
31 384 (2%)
Transportation to dog park (Multiple choice) [de_dogpark_travel_]
Drive 16,762 (88%)
Walk 5,075 (27%)
Bike 152 (1%)
Public Transportation 94 (<1%)
Other 67 (<1%)
Travel time to dog park (hours)* [de_dogpark_travel_time_hours]
0 18,192 (96%)
1 627 (3%)
2 58 (<1%)
3 21 (<1%)
4 15 (<1%)
5 8 (<1%)
6 4 (<1%)
7 4 (<1%)
8 3 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 20 (<1%)
12+ 30 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Open spaces
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Taking dog to open recreational spaces [de_recreational_spaces]
No 15,088 (32%)
Yes 32,356 (68%)
Subset sample size: 32,356 Count (%)
Days per month at open spaces [de_recreational_spaces_days_per_month]
< 1 4,966 (15%)
1 3,562 (11%)
2 4,259 (13%)
3 2,149 (7%)
4 3,664 (11%)
5 1,863 (6%)
6 990 (3%)
7 466 (1%)
8 1,182 (4%)
9 82 (<1%)
10 1,544 (5%)
11 21 (<1%)
12 547 (2%)
13 24 (<1%)
14 139 (<1%)
15 1,017 (3%)
16 122 (<1%)
17 32 (<1%)
18 72 (<1%)
19 11 (<1%)
20 1,385 (4%)
21 87 (<1%)
22 81 (<1%)
23 37 (<1%)
24 141 (<1%)
25 849 (3%)
26 102 (<1%)
27 91 (<1%)
28 313 (1%)
29 78 (<1%)
30 1,299 (4%)
31 1,181 (4%)
Transportation to open spaces (Multiple choice) [de_recreational_spaces_travel_]
Drive 25,595 (79%)
Walk 13,937 (43%)
Bike 371 (1%)
Other 124 (<1%)
Public Transportation 123 (<1%)
Travel time to open spaces (hours)* [de_recreational_spaces_travel_time_hours]
0 29,580 (91%)
1 2,102 (6%)
2 407 (1%)
3 103 (<1%)
4 46 (<1%)
5 27 (<1%)
6 14 (<1%)
7 5 (<1%)
8 7 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 28 (<1%)
12+ 36 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Work
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Taking dog to work [de_work]
No 39,026 (82%)
Yes 8,418 (18%)
Subset sample size: 8,418 Count (%)
Days per month at work [de_work_days_per_month]
< 1 1,981 (24%)
1 840 (10%)
2 762 (9%)
3 345 (4%)
4 638 (8%)
5 451 (5%)
6 141 (2%)
7 63 (1%)
8 221 (3%)
9 28 (<1%)
10 278 (3%)
11 1 (<1%)
12 189 (2%)
13 19 (<1%)
14 37 (<1%)
15 223 (3%)
16 144 (2%)
17 7 (<1%)
18 48 (1%)
19 11 (<1%)
20 831 (10%)
21 36 (<1%)
22 109 (1%)
23 33 (<1%)
24 71 (1%)
25 136 (2%)
26 15 (<1%)
27 12 (<1%)
28 52 (1%)
29 13 (<1%)
30 196 (2%)
31 487 (6%)
Transportation to work (Multiple choice [de_work_travel_]
Bike 58 (1%)
Drive 6,835 (81%)
Other 926 (11%)
Public Transportation 139 (2%)
Walk 902 (11%)
Travel time to work (hours)* [de_work_travel_time_hours]
0 7,708 (92%)
1 605 (7%)
2 57 (1%)
3 12 (<1%)
4 4 (<1%)
5 2 (<1%)
6 5 (<1%)
7 2 (<1%)
8 8 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 6 (<1%)
12+ 8 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Dog sitter or daycare
Sample size: 47,444 Count (%)
Taking dog to pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare]
No 35,773 (75%)
Yes 11,671 (25%)
Subset sample size: 11,671 Count (%)
Days per month at pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare_days_per_month]
< 1 4,771 (41%)
1 1,294 (11%)
2 1,370 (12%)
3 604 (5%)
4 1,423 (12%)
5 406 (3%)
6 171 (1%)
7 62 (1%)
8 623 (5%)
9 42 (<1%)
10 209 (2%)
11 3 (<1%)
12 230 (2%)
13 11 (<1%)
14 17 (<1%)
15 97 (1%)
16 49 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 16 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 206 (2%)
21 8 (<1%)
22 17 (<1%)
23 8 (<1%)
24 4 (<1%)
25 12 (<1%)
26 1 (<1%)
27 1 (<1%)
28 2 (<1%)
29 2 (<1%)
30 2 (<1%)
31 7 (<1%)
Transportation to pet care (Multiple choice) [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_]
Drive 10,982 (94%)
Walk 791 (7%)
Other 195 (2%)
Public Transportation 39 (<1%)
Bike 23 (<1%)
Travel time to pet care (hours)* [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_time_hours]
0 11,077 (95%)
1 430 (4%)
2 51 (<1%)
3 24 (<1%)
4 13 (<1%)
5 8 (<1%)
6 9 (<1%)
7 3 (<1%)
8 24 (<1%)
9 5 (<1%)
10 10 (<1%)
12+ 17 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes