HLES_Environment

About the Environment Survey

The Environment Survey focuses on the dog’s physical and built environment, chemical environment and exposures, and social environment. In Curated Data, these owner-reported values are paired with zip code-specific environment data, including census tract-level sociodemographic and economic indicators, air pollution indicators, climate and weather variables, and walkability scores. Participant addresses, including zip code, are withheld from Curated Data to protect privacy. All scientific studies that require geographic linkage must be done in collaboration with the DAP Data and Analysis team.

Survey Instrument: HLES Environment

Measures of residential mobility

Other places the dog has lived
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Number of former residences for the dog [de_lifetime_residence_count]
1 28,478 (57%)
2 11,743 (23%)
3 4,847 (10%)
4 2,217 (4%)
5 1,219 (2%)
6 667 (1%)
7 431 (1%)
8 209 (<1%)
9 131 (<1%)
10 90 (<1%)
11 136 (<1%)
12 20 (<1%)
Number of former ZIP codes [de_past_residence_zip_count]
0 34,165 (68%)
1 8,408 (17%)
2 4,207 (8%)
3 1,750 (3%)
4 848 (2%)
5 396 (1%)
6 208 (<1%)
7 92 (<1%)
8 45 (<1%)
9 23 (<1%)
10 46 (<1%)
Number of former countries of residence [de_past_residence_country_count]
0 49,521 (99%)
1 599 (1%)
2 46 (<1%)
3 12 (<1%)
4 6 (<1%)
5 1 (<1%)
6 1 (<1%)
7 1 (<1%)
10 1 (<1%)

About the dog’s primary address

Characteristics of the dog's home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Type of area [de_home_area_type]
Suburban (residing outside of an urban center) 30,516 (61%)
Rural (living outside of the city and suburbs) 10,608 (21%)
Urban (residing inside the city) 9,064 (18%)
Type of home [de_home_type]
Single family 41,509 (83%)
Condo or townhome 3,426 (7%)
Apartment 3,204 (6%)
Multifamily (such as a duplex) 1,397 (3%)
Mobile home or RV 469 (1%)
Other 183 (<1%)
Year the home was built [de_home_construction_decade]
< 1900 1,598 (3%)
1900s 1,289 (3%)
1910s 1,060 (2%)
1920s 2,412 (5%)
1930s 1,245 (2%)
1940s 1,993 (4%)
1950s 4,643 (9%)
1960s 4,117 (8%)
1970s 5,728 (11%)
1980s 6,341 (13%)
1990s 6,609 (13%)
2000s 7,015 (14%)
2010-current 6,138 (12%)
Number of years in home [de_home_years_lived_in]
Less than 1 4,335 (9%)
1 3,033 (6%)
2 4,223 (8%)
3 3,833 (8%)
4 2,816 (6%)
5 2,832 (6%)
6 2,011 (4%)
7 1,662 (3%)
8 1,479 (3%)
9 923 (2%)
10 1,754 (3%)
11 987 (2%)
12 1,130 (2%)
13 978 (2%)
14 976 (2%)
15+ 17,216 (34%)
Square footage of the home [de_home_square_footage_bin]
< 500 433 (1%)
500 - 1000 4,298 (9%)
1000 - 1500 9,974 (20%)
1500 - 2000 11,166 (22%)
2000 - 2500 9,777 (19%)
2500 - 3000 5,484 (11%)
3000 - 3500 4,177 (8%)
3500 - 4000 1,943 (4%)
4000 - 4500 1,253 (2%)
4500 - 5000 502 (1%)
> 5000 1,181 (2%)

Chemical environment: air and water

Fuel sources in the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Primary heating fuel source [de_primary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 26,528 (53%)
Electric 16,134 (32%)
Oil 2,436 (5%)
Wood 910 (2%)
Propane 2,615 (5%)
Other 993 (2%)
Unknown 572 (1%)
Presence of a secondary heating method [de_secondary_heat_fuel_used]
No 37,291 (74%)
Yes 11,401 (23%)
Unknown 1,496 (3%)
Subset sample size: 11,401 Count (%)
Secondary heating fuel source [de_secondary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 1,861 (16%)
Electric 3,201 (28%)
Oil 257 (2%)
Wood 4,222 (37%)
Propane 1,342 (12%)
Other 504 (4%)
Unknown 14 (<1%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Primary cooking fuel source [de_primary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 21,582 (43%)
Electric 24,699 (49%)
Oil 65 (<1%)
Wood 40 (<1%)
Propane 3,623 (7%)
Other 62 (<1%)
Unknown 117 (<1%)
Presence of a secondary cooking method [de_secondary_stove_fuel_used]
No 41,269 (82%)
Yes 8,740 (17%)
Unknown 179 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 8,740 Count (%)
Secondary cooking fuel source [de_secondary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 468 (5%)
Electric 4,457 (51%)
Oil 3 (<1%)
Wood 384 (4%)
Propane 2,885 (33%)
Other 536 (6%)
Unknown 7 (<1%)
About the dog's drinking water
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Source of drinking water [de_drinking_water_source]
Municipal 37,898 (76%)
Non-municipal well water (treated/filtered) 5,904 (12%)
Non-municipal well water (untreated/unfiltered) 3,267 (7%)
Bottled or commercially delivered 1,567 (3%)
Other 1,378 (3%)
Don't know 174 (<1%)
Presence of a water filtration system [de_drinking_water_is_filtered]
No 33,897 (68%)
Yes 16,103 (32%)
Unknown 188 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 25,590 Count (%)
Type of pipes, if known [de_pipe_type]
Copper or metal 13,139 (51%)
PVC or plastic 11,848 (46%)
Other 603 (2%)
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Secondary smoke exposure (hours per day) [de_second_hand_smoke_hours_per_day]
0 47,888 (95%)
1 1,276 (3%)
2 341 (1%)
3 125 (<1%)
4 111 (<1%)
5 63 (<1%)
6 48 (<1%)
7 13 (<1%)
8 69 (<1%)
9 7 (<1%)
10 65 (<1%)
11 1 (<1%)
12 61 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 10 (<1%)
15 16 (<1%)
16 22 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 8 (<1%)
20 11 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 1 (<1%)
24 47 (<1%)
Heating and cooling systems
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Central air conditioning [de_central_air_conditioning_present]
No 12,981 (26%)
Yes 37,183 (74%)
Unknown 24 (<1%)
Room or window unit AC [de_room_or_window_air_conditioning_present]
No 39,363 (78%)
Yes 10,738 (21%)
Unknown 87 (<1%)
Central heat [de_central_heat_present]
No 5,075 (10%)
Yes 44,998 (90%)
Unknown 115 (<1%)
Potential chemical exposures
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Asbestos [de_asbestos_present]
No 44,602 (89%)
Yes 804 (2%)
Unknown 4,782 (10%)
Radon [de_radon_present]
No 40,520 (81%)
Yes 1,387 (3%)
Unknown 8,281 (16%)
Lead paint [de_lead_present]
No 44,076 (88%)
Yes 1,177 (2%)
Unknown 4,935 (10%)
Mothballs [de_mothball_present]
No 48,220 (96%)
Yes 980 (2%)
Unknown 988 (2%)
Incense or scented candles [de_incense_present]
No 23,589 (47%)
Yes 26,373 (53%)
Unknown 226 (<1%)
Aerosol or plug-in air fresheners [de_air_freshener_present]
No 34,934 (70%)
Yes 14,917 (30%)
Unknown 337 (1%)
Air filtration in the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Standalone air cleaners [de_air_cleaner_present]
No 37,911 (76%)
Yes 11,857 (24%)
Unknown 420 (1%)
HEPA filters in air circulation [de_hepa_present]
No 29,450 (59%)
Yes 18,588 (37%)
Unknown 2,150 (4%)
Fireplaces and woodstoves
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Wood burning fireplace or woodstove [de_wood_fireplace_present]
No 37,722 (75%)
Yes 12,125 (24%)
Unknown 341 (1%)
Subset sample size: 12,125 Count (%)
Number of times wood fires lit per week [de_wood_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,772 (15%)
< 1 3,758 (31%)
1 1,108 (9%)
2 1,218 (10%)
3 952 (8%)
4 500 (4%)
5 613 (5%)
6 242 (2%)
7 1,271 (10%)
8 51 (<1%)
9 20 (<1%)
10+ 620 (5%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Gas fireplace [de_gas_fireplace_present]
No 35,204 (70%)
Yes 14,677 (29%)
Unknown 307 (1%)
Subset sample size: 14,677 Count (%)
Number of times gas fireplace lit per week [de_gas_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,806 (12%)
< 1 3,579 (24%)
1 1,172 (8%)
2 1,435 (10%)
3 1,360 (9%)
4 885 (6%)
5 1,166 (8%)
6 393 (3%)
7 1,825 (12%)
8 56 (<1%)
9 30 (<1%)
10+ 970 (7%)

Built environment: flooring and stairs

Types of flooring in the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Wood [de_floor_types_wood]
No 17,686 (35%)
Yes 32,502 (65%)
Subset sample size: 32,502 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on wood flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_wood]
Never 240 (1%)
Rarely 1,228 (4%)
Occasionally 3,520 (11%)
Very often 27,514 (85%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Carpet [de_floor_types_carpet]
No 10,936 (22%)
Yes 39,252 (78%)
Subset sample size: 39,252 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on carpet [de_floor_frequency_on_carpet]
Never 418 (1%)
Rarely 2,135 (5%)
Occasionally 5,776 (15%)
Very often 30,923 (79%)
Subset sample size: 49,773 Count (%)
Concrete* [de_floor_types_concrete]
No 39,967 (80%)
Yes 9,806 (20%)
Subset sample size: 9,806 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on concrete flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_concrete]
Never 842 (9%)
Rarely 3,460 (35%)
Occasionally 3,186 (32%)
Very often 2,318 (24%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Tile [de_floor_types_tile]
No 17,390 (35%)
Yes 32,798 (65%)
Subset sample size: 32,798 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on tile flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_tile]
Never 821 (3%)
Rarely 6,931 (21%)
Occasionally 9,573 (29%)
Very often 15,473 (47%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Linoleum [de_floor_types_linoleum]
No 37,215 (74%)
Yes 12,973 (26%)
Subset sample size: 12,973 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on linoleum [de_floor_frequency_on_linoleum]
Never 510 (4%)
Rarely 2,569 (20%)
Occasionally 3,895 (30%)
Very often 5,999 (46%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Laminate [de_floor_types_laminate]
No 33,759 (67%)
Yes 16,429 (33%)
Subset sample size: 16,429 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on laminate flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_laminate]
Never 249 (2%)
Rarely 1,487 (9%)
Occasionally 3,240 (20%)
Very often 11,453 (70%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Other floor types [de_floor_types_other]
No 46,201 (92%)
Yes 3,987 (8%)
Subset sample size: 3,987 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on other floor types [de_floor_frequency_on_other]
Never 53 (1%)
Rarely 278 (7%)
Occasionally 817 (20%)
Very often 2,839 (71%)
*"Concrete" flooring type was added as an option in early 2020
Stairs in the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Presence of stairs regularly used by dog [de_stairs_in_home]
No 23,299 (46%)
Yes 26,889 (54%)
Subset sample size: 26,889 Count (%)
Number of times dog uses stairs per day [de_stairs_avg_flights_per_day]
0 350 (1%)
< 1 1,549 (6%)
1 1,131 (4%)
2 2,874 (11%)
3 1,977 (7%)
4 3,492 (13%)
5 2,385 (9%)
6 2,933 (11%)
7 412 (2%)
8 1,883 (7%)
9 107 (<1%)
10 3,921 (15%)
11 28 (<1%)
12 966 (4%)
13 42 (<1%)
14 143 (1%)
15 952 (4%)
16 145 (1%)
17 19 (<1%)
18 44 (<1%)
19 4 (<1%)
20+ 1,532 (6%)

About the dog’s use of toys

Patterns of toy use
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Use of toys on a regular basis [de_routine_toys]
No 10,933 (22%)
Yes 39,255 (78%)
Types of toys used by the dog
Subset sample size: 39,255 Count (%)
Plastic toys [de_routine_toys_include_plastic]
No 20,459 (52%)
Yes 18,420 (47%)
Unknown 376 (1%)
Stuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_stuffed]
No 7,767 (20%)
Yes 31,472 (80%)
Unknown 16 (<1%)
Unstuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_unstuffed]
No 18,539 (47%)
Yes 20,604 (52%)
Unknown 112 (<1%)
Rubber toys [de_routine_toys_include_rubber]
No 12,781 (33%)
Yes 26,239 (67%)
Unknown 235 (1%)
Metal toys [de_routine_toys_include_metal]
No 38,859 (99%)
Yes 254 (1%)
Unknown 142 (<1%)
Edible chew toys (animal origin) [de_routine_toys_include_animal_products]
No 16,060 (41%)
Yes 23,141 (59%)
Unknown 54 (<1%)
Latex toys [de_routine_toys_include_latex]
No 34,893 (89%)
Yes 2,790 (7%)
Unknown 1,572 (4%)
Rope toys [de_routine_toys_include_rope]
No 19,683 (50%)
Yes 19,506 (50%)
Unknown 66 (<1%)
Tennis balls [de_routine_toys_include_tennis_balls]
No 16,361 (42%)
Yes 22,520 (57%)
Unknown 45 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Sticks [de_routine_toys_include_sticks]
No 20,971 (53%)
Yes 17,840 (45%)
Unknown 115 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Other types of toys [de_routine_toys_include_other]
No 32,685 (83%)
Yes 3,617 (9%)
Unknown 2,953 (8%)
Frequency of toy use
Subset sample size: 39,255 Count (%)
Toy use (hours per day) [de_routine_toys_hours_per_day]
0 65 (<1%)
<1 11,313 (29%)
1 10,344 (26%)
2 8,871 (23%)
3 4,133 (11%)
4 2,336 (6%)
5 891 (2%)
6 604 (2%)
7 87 (<1%)
8 323 (1%)
9 23 (<1%)
10 125 (<1%)
11 6 (<1%)
12 57 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 8 (<1%)
15 27 (<1%)
16 6 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
20 19 (<1%)
24 11 (<1%)

Sleeping patterns and locations

Sleep habits
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Typical nighttime sleeping location [de_nighttime_sleep_location]
In my room 39,036 (78%)
Elsewhere in the house 10,284 (20%)
In a garage or barn 187 (<1%)
Outside 209 (<1%)
Other 472 (1%)
Hours of sleep on an average night [de_nighttime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 5 (<1%)
2 5 (<1%)
3 15 (<1%)
4 57 (<1%)
5 329 (1%)
6 2,527 (5%)
7 7,749 (15%)
8 22,107 (44%)
9 7,828 (16%)
10 6,341 (13%)
11 728 (1%)
12 1,183 (2%)
13 64 (<1%)
14 74 (<1%)
15 17 (<1%)
16 9 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 5 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
Don't know 1,137 (2%)
Alternate daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location_different]
No 7,094 (14%)
Yes 43,094 (86%)
Subset sample size: 43,094 Count (%)
Typical daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location]
In my room 1,160 (3%)
Elsewhere in the house 39,321 (91%)
In a garage or barn 150 (<1%)
Outside 1,011 (2%)
Other 1,452 (3%)
Hours of sleep on an average day [de_daytime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 66 (<1%)
1 676 (1%)
2 3,088 (6%)
3 4,778 (10%)
4 6,964 (14%)
5 4,448 (9%)
6 5,177 (10%)
7 1,427 (3%)
8 3,871 (8%)
9 969 (2%)
10 2,937 (6%)
11 590 (1%)
12 2,933 (6%)
13 569 (1%)
14 1,665 (3%)
15 1,122 (2%)
16 1,423 (3%)
17 236 (<1%)
18 949 (2%)
19 189 (<1%)
20 493 (1%)
21 71 (<1%)
22 55 (<1%)
23 9 (<1%)
Don't know 5,483 (11%)

Interactions with hazardous materials

Ingestion of hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Dog licks or chews items other than toys [de_licks_chews_or_plays_with_non_toys]
No 41,613 (83%)
Yes 8,575 (17%)
Ingestion of hazardous items in past year [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_frequency]
Never 41,787 (83%)
1-2 times 5,684 (11%)
Greater than 2 times 2,717 (5%)
Subset sample size: 8,401 Count (%)
Hazardous items ingested (Multiple choice) [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_]
Chocolate 827 (10%)
Clothing 872 (10%)
Dead Animal 1,546 (18%)
Garbage Or Food 3,923 (47%)
Human Medication 289 (3%)
Other 3,389 (40%)
Pet Medication 154 (2%)
Poison 178 (2%)
Toys 2,331 (28%)
Ingestion of hazardous item required veterinary care [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_required_vet]
No 6,441 (77%)
Yes 1,960 (23%)

Interactions with other animals

Animals inside or outside the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Other animals present in dog's environment [de_other_present_animals]
No 17,653 (35%)
Yes 32,535 (65%)
Subset sample size: 32,535 Count (%)
Types of other animals (Multiple choice) [de_other_present_animals_]
Dogs 22,864 (70%)
Cats 15,757 (48%)
Wildlife 11,592 (36%)
Birds 6,267 (19%)
Rodents 4,595 (14%)
Fish 3,936 (12%)
Reptiles 3,327 (10%)
Livestock 1,918 (6%)
Horses 1,579 (5%)
Other 1,465 (5%)
Number of other animals indoors [de_other_present_animals_indoor_count]
0 2,686 (8%)
1 12,390 (38%)
2 7,388 (23%)
3 4,104 (13%)
4 2,253 (7%)
5 1,260 (4%)
6 738 (2%)
7 445 (1%)
8 336 (1%)
9 186 (1%)
10 167 (1%)
>10 582 (2%)
Number of other animals outdoors [de_other_present_animals_outdoor_count]
0 26,699 (82%)
1 1,364 (4%)
2 791 (2%)
3 523 (2%)
4 411 (1%)
5 316 (1%)
6 263 (1%)
7 165 (1%)
8 168 (1%)
9 117 (<1%)
10 165 (1%)
>10 1,553 (5%)
Interactions between the dog and other animals [de_other_present_animals_interact_with_dog]
No 3,739 (11%)
Yes 28,796 (89%)

About the dog’s daily routine

Daily patterns
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Consistency of daily routine [de_routine_consistency]
No daily routine/my routine varies a lot 1,309 (3%)
Same routine every day 22,085 (44%)
Same routine on weekdays only 6,875 (14%)
Same routine 3-5 days a week 5,938 (12%)
Same routine on weekends only 58 (<1%)
Same routine on most weekends and same routine on most weekdays 13,923 (28%)
Routine activities in a typical day (hours per day)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Crate or cage [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_crate]
0 37,202 (74%)
<1 3,106 (6%)
1 834 (2%)
2 976 (2%)
3 558 (1%)
4 556 (1%)
5 326 (1%)
6 691 (1%)
7 683 (1%)
8 2,413 (5%)
9 888 (2%)
10 841 (2%)
11 165 (<1%)
12 418 (1%)
13 73 (<1%)
14 139 (<1%)
15 73 (<1%)
16 104 (<1%)
17 27 (<1%)
18 48 (<1%)
19 12 (<1%)
20 26 (<1%)
21 5 (<1%)
22 4 (<1%)
23 3 (<1%)
24 17 (<1%)
Free roaming in home [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_house]
0 573 (1%)
<1 308 (1%)
1 228 (<1%)
2 420 (1%)
3 369 (1%)
4 724 (1%)
5 600 (1%)
6 985 (2%)
7 424 (1%)
8 1,911 (4%)
9 476 (1%)
10 1,828 (4%)
11 401 (1%)
12 3,260 (6%)
13 647 (1%)
14 1,860 (4%)
15 1,637 (3%)
16 3,595 (7%)
17 702 (1%)
18 1,130 (2%)
19 429 (1%)
20 2,216 (4%)
21 1,420 (3%)
22 2,836 (6%)
23 2,807 (6%)
24 18,402 (37%)
Garage or shop [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_garage]
0 46,540 (93%)
<1 2,308 (5%)
1 445 (1%)
2 294 (1%)
3 104 (<1%)
4 115 (<1%)
5 46 (<1%)
6 56 (<1%)
7 27 (<1%)
8 110 (<1%)
9 23 (<1%)
10 50 (<1%)
11 5 (<1%)
12 18 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 8 (<1%)
15 2 (<1%)
16 7 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 3 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 3 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 16 (<1%)
Outdoor kennel [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_outdoor_kennel]
0 49,421 (98%)
<1 292 (1%)
1 93 (<1%)
2 98 (<1%)
3 38 (<1%)
4 39 (<1%)
5 15 (<1%)
6 24 (<1%)
7 19 (<1%)
8 54 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 23 (<1%)
12 18 (<1%)
13 3 (<1%)
14 3 (<1%)
15 1 (<1%)
16 7 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 10 (<1%)
Fenced yard or pen [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_yard]
0 14,786 (29%)
<1 8,251 (16%)
1 8,051 (16%)
2 7,853 (16%)
3 4,475 (9%)
4 2,710 (5%)
5 834 (2%)
6 902 (2%)
7 141 (<1%)
8 745 (1%)
9 91 (<1%)
10 280 (1%)
11 30 (<1%)
12 312 (1%)
13 24 (<1%)
14 57 (<1%)
15 29 (<1%)
16 77 (<1%)
17 13 (<1%)
18 14 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 33 (<1%)
21 13 (<1%)
22 34 (<1%)
23 30 (<1%)
24 401 (1%)
Free roaming outside [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_outside]
0 37,963 (76%)
<1 5,101 (10%)
1 2,767 (6%)
2 1,905 (4%)
3 946 (2%)
4 546 (1%)
5 180 (<1%)
6 209 (<1%)
7 25 (<1%)
8 171 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 77 (<1%)
11 7 (<1%)
12 77 (<1%)
13 8 (<1%)
14 25 (<1%)
15 9 (<1%)
16 25 (<1%)
17 4 (<1%)
18 8 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 10 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 5 (<1%)
24 96 (<1%)
On a chain or lead [de_routine_hours_per_day_chained_outside]
0 37,942 (76%)
<1 4,644 (9%)
1 4,128 (8%)
2 2,348 (5%)
3 775 (2%)
4 202 (<1%)
5 52 (<1%)
6 30 (<1%)
7 5 (<1%)
8 23 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 6 (<1%)
12 10 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 1 (<1%)
16 3 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 1 (<1%)
20 1 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 5 (<1%)
24 5 (<1%)
In a location away from home [de_routine_hours_per_day_away_from_home]
0 35,641 (71%)
<1 4,524 (9%)
1 3,646 (7%)
2 2,658 (5%)
3 963 (2%)
4 600 (1%)
5 277 (1%)
6 343 (1%)
7 155 (<1%)
8 797 (2%)
9 196 (<1%)
10 218 (<1%)
11 30 (<1%)
12 81 (<1%)
13 4 (<1%)
14 14 (<1%)
15 5 (<1%)
16 10 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 12 (<1%)
Interacting with other animals [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_other_animals]
0 8,803 (18%)
<1 12,633 (25%)
1 4,440 (9%)
2 2,922 (6%)
3 1,339 (3%)
4 1,419 (3%)
5 703 (1%)
6 1,013 (2%)
7 253 (1%)
8 1,573 (3%)
9 192 (<1%)
10 1,153 (2%)
11 87 (<1%)
12 1,704 (3%)
13 143 (<1%)
14 506 (1%)
15 466 (1%)
16 1,365 (3%)
17 209 (<1%)
18 324 (1%)
19 27 (<1%)
20 381 (1%)
21 32 (<1%)
22 174 (<1%)
23 155 (<1%)
24 8,172 (16%)
Interacting with adults [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_adults]
0 378 (1%)
<1 1,006 (2%)
1 956 (2%)
2 2,029 (4%)
3 2,171 (4%)
4 3,282 (7%)
5 2,276 (5%)
6 3,463 (7%)
7 888 (2%)
8 5,085 (10%)
9 548 (1%)
10 3,750 (7%)
11 261 (1%)
12 5,483 (11%)
13 420 (1%)
14 1,876 (4%)
15 1,560 (3%)
16 4,232 (8%)
17 529 (1%)
18 1,173 (2%)
19 100 (<1%)
20 1,125 (2%)
21 96 (<1%)
22 436 (1%)
23 242 (<1%)
24 6,823 (14%)
Interacting with teenagers (13-17) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_teens]
0 42,706 (85%)
<1 3,143 (6%)
1 704 (1%)
2 679 (1%)
3 352 (1%)
4 429 (1%)
5 248 (<1%)
6 316 (1%)
7 80 (<1%)
8 393 (1%)
9 34 (<1%)
10 223 (<1%)
11 12 (<1%)
12 270 (1%)
13 22 (<1%)
14 69 (<1%)
15 62 (<1%)
16 134 (<1%)
17 12 (<1%)
18 40 (<1%)
19 6 (<1%)
20 29 (<1%)
21 3 (<1%)
22 5 (<1%)
23 7 (<1%)
24 210 (<1%)
Interacting with children (<13) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_children]
0 39,273 (78%)
<1 5,055 (10%)
1 985 (2%)
2 796 (2%)
3 517 (1%)
4 575 (1%)
5 349 (1%)
6 476 (1%)
7 97 (<1%)
8 535 (1%)
9 52 (<1%)
10 293 (1%)
11 10 (<1%)
12 431 (1%)
13 36 (<1%)
14 102 (<1%)
15 69 (<1%)
16 155 (<1%)
17 12 (<1%)
18 49 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 32 (<1%)
21 2 (<1%)
22 6 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 274 (1%)

About the dog’s yard

General characteristics
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Size of the yard at home [de_property_area]
I do not have a yard or my dog does not use a yard 5,003 (10%)
Less than 500 square feet 3,944 (8%)
500 to 1000 square feet 9,728 (19%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 11,775 (23%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 9,976 (20%)
1 - 3 acres 5,048 (10%)
More than 3 acres 4,714 (9%)
Subset sample size: 45,185 Count (%)
Regular access to the yard by the dog [de_property_accessible]
No 3,659 (8%)
Yes 41,526 (92%)
Subset sample size: 41,526 Count (%)
Area of yard accessible to the dog [de_property_area_accessible]
Less than 500 square feet 4,522 (11%)
500 to 1000 square feet 11,581 (28%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 12,288 (30%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 7,277 (18%)
1 - 3 acres 3,610 (9%)
More than 3 acres 2,248 (5%)
Presence of fence or other containment [de_property_containment_type]
No, dog is not contained 4,996 (12%)
Yes, dog is contained by a fence or barrier 30,987 (75%)
Yes, dog is contained by a lead or chain 2,624 (6%)
Yes, dog is contained in a kennel 29 (<1%)
Yes, dog is contained in another way 915 (2%)
Yes, dog is contained by an invisible fence 1,818 (4%)
Yes, dog is contained by an electric fence 157 (<1%)
Sources of drinking water in the yard (Multiple choice) [de_property_drinking_water_]
Bowl 29,799 (72%)
Hose 3,264 (8%)
None 9,077 (22%)
Other 3,779 (9%)
Puddles 4,624 (11%)
Unknown 149 (<1%)
Pesticide and herbicide application
Subset sample size: 41,526 Count (%)
Yard treated to control weeds [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
No 29,421 (71%)
Yes 11,319 (27%)
Unknown 786 (2%)
Subset sample size: 12,105 Count (%)
Frequency of herbicide applicaton [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 1,363 (11%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 5,260 (43%)
Irregularly applied, year round 335 (3%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,562 (21%)
Infrequently 1,799 (15%)
Unknown 786 (6%)
Home treated to control insects and pests [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Never 31,429 (63%)
Regularly applied, year round 5,908 (12%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 5,272 (11%)
Irregularly applied, year round 917 (2%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,411 (5%)
Infrequently 2,723 (5%)
Unknown 1,528 (3%)
Subset sample size: 14,723 Count (%)
Frequence of pesticide application [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 4,827 (33%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 4,376 (30%)
Irregularly applied, year round 707 (5%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,039 (14%)
Infrequently 2,248 (15%)
Unknown 526 (4%)
Ingestion of non-hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Ingestion of grass [de_eats_grass_frequency]
Never 7,784 (16%)
Frequently 14,204 (28%)
Infrequently 28,200 (56%)
Ingestion of feces [de_eats_feces]
No 36,670 (73%)
Yes 11,299 (23%)
Unknown 2,219 (4%)
Subset sample size: 11,299 Count (%)
Type of feces (Multiple choice) [de_eats_feces_]
Wildlife 4,733 (42%)
Own Feces 3,888 (34%)
Other Dog 3,733 (33%)
Cat 3,516 (31%)
Other 964 (9%)
Horse 908 (8%)
Cattle 261 (2%)
Alterate outdoor water sources
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Drinking from outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water]
No 31,742 (63%)
Yes 18,446 (37%)
Subset sample size: 18,446 Count (%)
Frequency of use of outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water_frequency]
Daily 1,917 (10%)
Weekly 5,137 (28%)
Monthly 3,084 (17%)
Rarely 8,308 (45%)

Neighborhood characteristics

Features of the environment around the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Traffic noise heard from inside home [de_traffic_noise_in_home_frequency]
Never 6,919 (14%)
Seldom 19,412 (39%)
Sometimes 15,362 (31%)
Usually 6,030 (12%)
Always 2,452 (5%)
Unknown 13 (<1%)
Traffic noise heard from yard [de_traffic_noise_in_property_frequency]
Never 1,774 (4%)
Seldom 11,820 (28%)
Sometimes 15,121 (36%)
Usually 8,467 (20%)
Always 4,332 (10%)
Unknown 12 (<1%)
Sidewalks in dog's neighborhood [de_neighborhood_has_sidewalks]
No 18,024 (36%)
Yes, on all the streets 21,423 (43%)
Yes, on some streets 10,741 (21%)
Parks within half a mile of home [de_neighborhood_has_parks]
No 8,415 (17%)
Yes 41,773 (83%)

Neighborhood social environment

Interactions near the home
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Dog interactions with animals [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals]
No 22,378 (45%)
Yes 27,810 (55%)
Subset sample size: 27,810 Count (%)
Owner present during animal interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals_with_owner]
No 2,553 (9%)
Yes 25,257 (91%)
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Dog interactions with humans [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans]
No 13,898 (28%)
Yes 36,290 (72%)
Subset sample size: 36,290 Count (%)
Owner present during human interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans_with_owner]
No 3,208 (9%)
Yes 33,082 (91%)

Extralocal environmental exposure

Dog parks
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Taking dog to dog park [de_dogpark]
No 30,199 (60%)
Yes 19,989 (40%)
Subset sample size: 19,989 Count (%)
Days per month at dog park [de_dogpark_days_per_month]
< 1 5,923 (30%)
1 2,640 (13%)
2 2,527 (13%)
3 1,231 (6%)
4 1,957 (10%)
5 883 (4%)
6 471 (2%)
7 220 (1%)
8 578 (3%)
9 50 (<1%)
10 653 (3%)
11 10 (<1%)
12 277 (1%)
13 21 (<1%)
14 72 (<1%)
15 403 (2%)
16 65 (<1%)
17 16 (<1%)
18 42 (<1%)
19 4 (<1%)
20 535 (3%)
21 40 (<1%)
22 41 (<1%)
23 22 (<1%)
24 51 (<1%)
25 303 (2%)
26 41 (<1%)
27 29 (<1%)
28 105 (1%)
29 33 (<1%)
30 328 (2%)
31 418 (2%)
Transportation to dog park (Multiple choice) [de_dogpark_travel_]
Drive 17,631 (88%)
Walk 5,364 (27%)
Bike 164 (1%)
Public Transportation 102 (1%)
Other 72 (<1%)
Travel time to dog park (hours)* [de_dogpark_travel_time_hours]
0 19,133 (96%)
1 675 (3%)
2 65 (<1%)
3 23 (<1%)
4 17 (<1%)
5 9 (<1%)
6 4 (<1%)
7 4 (<1%)
8 3 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 22 (<1%)
12+ 32 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Open spaces
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Taking dog to open recreational spaces [de_recreational_spaces]
No 15,971 (32%)
Yes 34,217 (68%)
Subset sample size: 34,217 Count (%)
Days per month at open spaces [de_recreational_spaces_days_per_month]
< 1 5,231 (15%)
1 3,745 (11%)
2 4,488 (13%)
3 2,288 (7%)
4 3,897 (11%)
5 1,968 (6%)
6 1,046 (3%)
7 494 (1%)
8 1,237 (4%)
9 87 (<1%)
10 1,628 (5%)
11 23 (<1%)
12 585 (2%)
13 25 (<1%)
14 146 (<1%)
15 1,068 (3%)
16 135 (<1%)
17 34 (<1%)
18 79 (<1%)
19 11 (<1%)
20 1,451 (4%)
21 92 (<1%)
22 89 (<1%)
23 39 (<1%)
24 155 (<1%)
25 903 (3%)
26 110 (<1%)
27 95 (<1%)
28 327 (1%)
29 86 (<1%)
30 1,390 (4%)
31 1,265 (4%)
Transportation to open spaces (Multiple choice) [de_recreational_spaces_travel_]
Drive 27,087 (79%)
Walk 14,736 (43%)
Bike 394 (1%)
Public Transportation 135 (<1%)
Other 131 (<1%)
Travel time to open spaces (hours)* [de_recreational_spaces_travel_time_hours]
0 31,290 (91%)
1 2,223 (6%)
2 417 (1%)
3 108 (<1%)
4 50 (<1%)
5 29 (<1%)
6 15 (<1%)
7 6 (<1%)
8 8 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 31 (<1%)
12+ 39 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Work
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Taking dog to work [de_work]
No 41,238 (82%)
Yes 8,950 (18%)
Subset sample size: 8,950 Count (%)
Days per month at work [de_work_days_per_month]
< 1 2,083 (23%)
1 902 (10%)
2 816 (9%)
3 374 (4%)
4 672 (8%)
5 481 (5%)
6 149 (2%)
7 67 (1%)
8 237 (3%)
9 29 (<1%)
10 298 (3%)
11 2 (<1%)
12 209 (2%)
13 19 (<1%)
14 41 (<1%)
15 232 (3%)
16 158 (2%)
17 8 (<1%)
18 53 (1%)
19 11 (<1%)
20 879 (10%)
21 38 (<1%)
22 118 (1%)
23 36 (<1%)
24 80 (1%)
25 139 (2%)
26 17 (<1%)
27 13 (<1%)
28 53 (1%)
29 13 (<1%)
30 205 (2%)
31 518 (6%)
Transportation to work (Multiple choice [de_work_travel_]
Bike 60 (1%)
Drive 7,268 (81%)
Other 976 (11%)
Public Transportation 155 (2%)
Walk 959 (11%)
Travel time to work (hours)* [de_work_travel_time_hours]
0 8,191 (92%)
1 649 (7%)
2 60 (1%)
3 14 (<1%)
4 4 (<1%)
5 2 (<1%)
6 6 (<1%)
7 2 (<1%)
8 7 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 6 (<1%)
12+ 8 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Dog sitter or daycare
Sample size: 50,188 Count (%)
Taking dog to pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare]
No 37,827 (75%)
Yes 12,361 (25%)
Subset sample size: 12,361 Count (%)
Days per month at pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare_days_per_month]
< 1 5,033 (41%)
1 1,375 (11%)
2 1,460 (12%)
3 642 (5%)
4 1,512 (12%)
5 436 (4%)
6 180 (1%)
7 67 (1%)
8 664 (5%)
9 44 (<1%)
10 220 (2%)
11 4 (<1%)
12 245 (2%)
13 11 (<1%)
14 17 (<1%)
15 101 (1%)
16 52 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 17 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 213 (2%)
21 8 (<1%)
22 17 (<1%)
23 9 (<1%)
24 4 (<1%)
25 11 (<1%)
26 2 (<1%)
27 1 (<1%)
28 2 (<1%)
29 2 (<1%)
30 2 (<1%)
31 7 (<1%)
Transportation to pet care (Multiple choice) [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_]
Drive 11,637 (94%)
Walk 836 (7%)
Other 206 (2%)
Public Transportation 42 (<1%)
Bike 25 (<1%)
Travel time to pet care (hours)* [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_time_hours]
0 11,721 (95%)
1 462 (4%)
2 55 (<1%)
3 27 (<1%)
4 13 (<1%)
5 9 (<1%)
6 9 (<1%)
7 4 (<1%)
8 24 (<1%)
9 5 (<1%)
10 12 (<1%)
12+ 20 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes