HLES_Environment

About the Environment Survey

The Environment Survey focuses on the dog’s physical and built environment, chemical environment and exposures, and social environment. In Curated Data, these owner-reported values are paired with zip code-specific environment data, including census tract-level sociodemographic and economic indicators, air pollution indicators, climate and weather variables, and walkability scores. Participant addresses, including zip code, are withheld from Curated Data to protect privacy. All scientific studies that require geographic linkage must be done in collaboration with the DAP Data and Analysis team.

Survey Instrument: HLES Environment

Measures of residential mobility

Other places the dog has lived
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Number of former residences for the dog [de_lifetime_residence_count]
1 29,775 (57%)
2 12,295 (23%)
3 5,084 (10%)
4 2,350 (4%)
5 1,281 (2%)
6 722 (1%)
7 460 (1%)
8 226 (<1%)
9 141 (<1%)
10 94 (<1%)
11 149 (<1%)
12 22 (<1%)
Number of former ZIP codes [de_past_residence_zip_count]
0 35,763 (68%)
1 8,768 (17%)
2 4,439 (8%)
3 1,869 (4%)
4 892 (2%)
5 417 (1%)
6 227 (<1%)
7 102 (<1%)
8 50 (<1%)
9 23 (<1%)
10 49 (<1%)
Number of former countries of residence [de_past_residence_country_count]
0 51,885 (99%)
1 640 (1%)
2 50 (<1%)
3 14 (<1%)
4 6 (<1%)
5 1 (<1%)
6 1 (<1%)
7 1 (<1%)
10 1 (<1%)

About the dog’s primary address

Characteristics of the dog's home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Type of area [de_home_area_type]
Suburban (residing outside of an urban center) 31,999 (61%)
Rural (living outside of the city and suburbs) 11,098 (21%)
Urban (residing inside the city) 9,502 (18%)
Type of home [de_home_type]
Single family 43,498 (83%)
Condo or townhome 3,564 (7%)
Apartment 3,387 (6%)
Multifamily (such as a duplex) 1,472 (3%)
Mobile home or RV 487 (1%)
Other 191 (<1%)
Year the home was built [de_home_construction_decade]
< 1900 1,672 (3%)
1900s 1,349 (3%)
1910s 1,090 (2%)
1920s 2,518 (5%)
1930s 1,304 (2%)
1940s 2,084 (4%)
1950s 4,820 (9%)
1960s 4,298 (8%)
1970s 5,987 (11%)
1980s 6,660 (13%)
1990s 6,898 (13%)
2000s 7,352 (14%)
2010-current 6,567 (12%)
Number of years in home [de_home_years_lived_in]
Less than 1 4,541 (9%)
1 3,163 (6%)
2 4,401 (8%)
3 4,030 (8%)
4 2,962 (6%)
5 3,000 (6%)
6 2,119 (4%)
7 1,748 (3%)
8 1,591 (3%)
9 983 (2%)
10 1,854 (4%)
11 1,039 (2%)
12 1,181 (2%)
13 1,037 (2%)
14 1,013 (2%)
15+ 17,937 (34%)
Square footage of the home [de_home_square_footage_bin]
< 500 461 (1%)
500 - 1000 4,503 (9%)
1000 - 1500 10,425 (20%)
1500 - 2000 11,721 (22%)
2000 - 2500 10,217 (19%)
2500 - 3000 5,748 (11%)
3000 - 3500 4,369 (8%)
3500 - 4000 2,026 (4%)
4000 - 4500 1,342 (3%)
4500 - 5000 525 (1%)
> 5000 1,262 (2%)

Chemical environment: air and water

Fuel sources in the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Primary heating fuel source [de_primary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 27,677 (53%)
Electric 17,084 (32%)
Oil 2,522 (5%)
Wood 937 (2%)
Propane 2,732 (5%)
Other 1,034 (2%)
Unknown 613 (1%)
Presence of a secondary heating method [de_secondary_heat_fuel_used]
No 39,089 (74%)
Yes 11,912 (23%)
Unknown 1,598 (3%)
Subset sample size: 11,912 Count (%)
Secondary heating fuel source [de_secondary_heat_fuel]
Natural gas 1,959 (16%)
Electric 3,359 (28%)
Oil 267 (2%)
Wood 4,386 (37%)
Propane 1,395 (12%)
Other 532 (4%)
Unknown 14 (<1%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Primary cooking fuel source [de_primary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 22,614 (43%)
Electric 25,893 (49%)
Oil 68 (<1%)
Wood 41 (<1%)
Propane 3,786 (7%)
Other 69 (<1%)
Unknown 128 (<1%)
Presence of a secondary cooking method [de_secondary_stove_fuel_used]
No 43,258 (82%)
Yes 9,152 (17%)
Unknown 189 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 9,152 Count (%)
Secondary cooking fuel source [de_secondary_stove_fuel]
Natural gas 489 (5%)
Electric 4,716 (52%)
Oil 3 (<1%)
Wood 404 (4%)
Propane 2,977 (33%)
Other 556 (6%)
Unknown 7 (<1%)
About the dog's drinking water
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Source of drinking water [de_drinking_water_source]
Municipal 39,652 (75%)
Non-municipal well water (treated/filtered) 6,222 (12%)
Non-municipal well water (untreated/unfiltered) 3,416 (6%)
Bottled or commercially delivered 1,665 (3%)
Other 1,458 (3%)
Don't know 186 (<1%)
Presence of a water filtration system [de_drinking_water_is_filtered]
No 35,307 (67%)
Yes 17,090 (32%)
Unknown 202 (<1%)
Subset sample size: 26,782 Count (%)
Type of pipes, if known [de_pipe_type]
Copper or metal 13,692 (51%)
PVC or plastic 12,449 (46%)
Other 641 (2%)
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Secondary smoke exposure (hours per day) [de_second_hand_smoke_hours_per_day]
0 50,200 (95%)
1 1,340 (3%)
2 355 (1%)
3 127 (<1%)
4 114 (<1%)
5 67 (<1%)
6 49 (<1%)
7 13 (<1%)
8 72 (<1%)
9 7 (<1%)
10 66 (<1%)
11 1 (<1%)
12 61 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 11 (<1%)
15 17 (<1%)
16 22 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 9 (<1%)
20 12 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 1 (<1%)
24 50 (<1%)
Heating and cooling systems
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Central air conditioning [de_central_air_conditioning_present]
No 13,443 (26%)
Yes 39,130 (74%)
Unknown 26 (<1%)
Room or window unit AC [de_room_or_window_air_conditioning_present]
No 41,292 (79%)
Yes 11,216 (21%)
Unknown 91 (<1%)
Central heat [de_central_heat_present]
No 5,307 (10%)
Yes 47,167 (90%)
Unknown 125 (<1%)
Potential chemical exposures
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Asbestos [de_asbestos_present]
No 46,750 (89%)
Yes 828 (2%)
Unknown 5,021 (10%)
Radon [de_radon_present]
No 42,488 (81%)
Yes 1,457 (3%)
Unknown 8,654 (16%)
Lead paint [de_lead_present]
No 46,206 (88%)
Yes 1,210 (2%)
Unknown 5,183 (10%)
Mothballs [de_mothball_present]
No 50,519 (96%)
Yes 1,007 (2%)
Unknown 1,073 (2%)
Incense or scented candles [de_incense_present]
No 24,679 (47%)
Yes 27,684 (53%)
Unknown 236 (<1%)
Aerosol or plug-in air fresheners [de_air_freshener_present]
No 36,592 (70%)
Yes 15,644 (30%)
Unknown 363 (1%)
Air filtration in the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Standalone air cleaners [de_air_cleaner_present]
No 39,388 (75%)
Yes 12,762 (24%)
Unknown 449 (1%)
HEPA filters in air circulation [de_hepa_present]
No 30,618 (58%)
Yes 19,704 (37%)
Unknown 2,277 (4%)
Fireplaces and woodstoves
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Wood burning fireplace or woodstove [de_wood_fireplace_present]
No 39,604 (75%)
Yes 12,633 (24%)
Unknown 362 (1%)
Subset sample size: 12,633 Count (%)
Number of times wood fires lit per week [de_wood_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,854 (15%)
< 1 3,904 (31%)
1 1,158 (9%)
2 1,260 (10%)
3 997 (8%)
4 519 (4%)
5 635 (5%)
6 258 (2%)
7 1,318 (10%)
8 54 (<1%)
9 22 (<1%)
10+ 654 (5%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Gas fireplace [de_gas_fireplace_present]
No 36,911 (70%)
Yes 15,356 (29%)
Unknown 332 (1%)
Subset sample size: 15,356 Count (%)
Number of times gas fireplace lit per week [de_gas_fireplace_lightings_per_week]
0 1,905 (12%)
< 1 3,773 (25%)
1 1,224 (8%)
2 1,494 (10%)
3 1,421 (9%)
4 926 (6%)
5 1,223 (8%)
6 408 (3%)
7 1,883 (12%)
8 59 (<1%)
9 33 (<1%)
10+ 1,007 (7%)

Built environment: flooring and stairs

Types of flooring in the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Wood [de_floor_types_wood]
No 18,612 (35%)
Yes 33,987 (65%)
Subset sample size: 33,987 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on wood flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_wood]
Never 246 (1%)
Rarely 1,288 (4%)
Occasionally 3,672 (11%)
Very often 28,781 (85%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Carpet [de_floor_types_carpet]
No 11,563 (22%)
Yes 41,036 (78%)
Subset sample size: 41,036 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on carpet [de_floor_frequency_on_carpet]
Never 435 (1%)
Rarely 2,249 (5%)
Occasionally 6,046 (15%)
Very often 32,306 (79%)
Subset sample size: 52,184 Count (%)
Concrete* [de_floor_types_concrete]
No 41,897 (80%)
Yes 10,287 (20%)
Subset sample size: 10,287 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on concrete flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_concrete]
Never 881 (9%)
Rarely 3,608 (35%)
Occasionally 3,350 (33%)
Very often 2,448 (24%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Tile [de_floor_types_tile]
No 18,204 (35%)
Yes 34,395 (65%)
Subset sample size: 34,395 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on tile flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_tile]
Never 854 (2%)
Rarely 7,274 (21%)
Occasionally 10,046 (29%)
Very often 16,221 (47%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Linoleum [de_floor_types_linoleum]
No 39,208 (75%)
Yes 13,391 (25%)
Subset sample size: 13,391 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on linoleum [de_floor_frequency_on_linoleum]
Never 519 (4%)
Rarely 2,643 (20%)
Occasionally 4,029 (30%)
Very often 6,200 (46%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Laminate [de_floor_types_laminate]
No 35,244 (67%)
Yes 17,355 (33%)
Subset sample size: 17,355 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on laminate flooring [de_floor_frequency_on_laminate]
Never 257 (1%)
Rarely 1,560 (9%)
Occasionally 3,404 (20%)
Very often 12,134 (70%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Other floor types [de_floor_types_other]
No 48,391 (92%)
Yes 4,208 (8%)
Subset sample size: 4,208 Count (%)
Frequency dog is on other floor types [de_floor_frequency_on_other]
Never 56 (1%)
Rarely 296 (7%)
Occasionally 849 (20%)
Very often 3,007 (71%)
*"Concrete" flooring type was added as an option in early 2020
Stairs in the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Presence of stairs regularly used by dog [de_stairs_in_home]
No 24,465 (47%)
Yes 28,134 (53%)
Subset sample size: 28,134 Count (%)
Number of times dog uses stairs per day [de_stairs_avg_flights_per_day]
0 369 (1%)
< 1 1,621 (6%)
1 1,201 (4%)
2 3,016 (11%)
3 2,062 (7%)
4 3,649 (13%)
5 2,501 (9%)
6 3,053 (11%)
7 433 (2%)
8 1,968 (7%)
9 117 (<1%)
10 4,106 (15%)
11 30 (<1%)
12 1,000 (4%)
13 46 (<1%)
14 149 (1%)
15 996 (4%)
16 150 (1%)
17 22 (<1%)
18 48 (<1%)
19 6 (<1%)
20+ 1,591 (6%)

About the dog’s use of toys

Patterns of toy use
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Use of toys on a regular basis [de_routine_toys]
No 11,414 (22%)
Yes 41,185 (78%)
Types of toys used by the dog
Subset sample size: 41,185 Count (%)
Plastic toys [de_routine_toys_include_plastic]
No 21,455 (52%)
Yes 19,327 (47%)
Unknown 403 (1%)
Stuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_stuffed]
No 8,094 (20%)
Yes 33,075 (80%)
Unknown 16 (<1%)
Unstuffed fabric toys [de_routine_toys_include_fabric_unstuffed]
No 19,427 (47%)
Yes 21,642 (53%)
Unknown 116 (<1%)
Rubber toys [de_routine_toys_include_rubber]
No 13,406 (33%)
Yes 27,530 (67%)
Unknown 249 (1%)
Metal toys [de_routine_toys_include_metal]
No 40,768 (99%)
Yes 267 (1%)
Unknown 150 (<1%)
Edible chew toys (animal origin) [de_routine_toys_include_animal_products]
No 16,865 (41%)
Yes 24,263 (59%)
Unknown 57 (<1%)
Latex toys [de_routine_toys_include_latex]
No 36,606 (89%)
Yes 2,940 (7%)
Unknown 1,639 (4%)
Rope toys [de_routine_toys_include_rope]
No 20,674 (50%)
Yes 20,437 (50%)
Unknown 74 (<1%)
Tennis balls [de_routine_toys_include_tennis_balls]
No 17,266 (42%)
Yes 23,541 (57%)
Unknown 49 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Sticks [de_routine_toys_include_sticks]
No 22,093 (54%)
Yes 18,635 (45%)
Unknown 128 (<1%)
329 (1%)
Other types of toys [de_routine_toys_include_other]
No 34,288 (83%)
Yes 3,800 (9%)
Unknown 3,097 (8%)
Frequency of toy use
Subset sample size: 41,185 Count (%)
Toy use (hours per day) [de_routine_toys_hours_per_day]
0 71 (<1%)
<1 11,859 (29%)
1 10,833 (26%)
2 9,300 (23%)
3 4,352 (11%)
4 2,467 (6%)
5 935 (2%)
6 638 (2%)
7 90 (<1%)
8 336 (1%)
9 25 (<1%)
10 132 (<1%)
11 6 (<1%)
12 59 (<1%)
13 2 (<1%)
14 9 (<1%)
15 28 (<1%)
16 6 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
20 20 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
24 11 (<1%)

Sleeping patterns and locations

Sleep habits
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Typical nighttime sleeping location [de_nighttime_sleep_location]
In my room 40,950 (78%)
Elsewhere in the house 10,751 (20%)
In a garage or barn 194 (<1%)
Outside 215 (<1%)
Other 489 (1%)
Hours of sleep on an average night [de_nighttime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 5 (<1%)
2 5 (<1%)
3 16 (<1%)
4 63 (<1%)
5 351 (1%)
6 2,633 (5%)
7 8,082 (15%)
8 23,227 (44%)
9 8,200 (16%)
10 6,658 (13%)
11 760 (1%)
12 1,227 (2%)
13 65 (<1%)
14 81 (<1%)
15 17 (<1%)
16 10 (<1%)
17 3 (<1%)
18 5 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
Don't know 1,186 (2%)
Alternate daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location_different]
No 7,421 (14%)
Yes 45,178 (86%)
Subset sample size: 45,178 Count (%)
Typical daytime sleeping location [de_daytime_sleep_location]
In my room 1,215 (3%)
Elsewhere in the house 41,233 (91%)
In a garage or barn 154 (<1%)
Outside 1,055 (2%)
Other 1,521 (3%)
Hours of sleep on an average day [de_daytime_sleep_avg_hours]
0 67 (<1%)
1 701 (1%)
2 3,212 (6%)
3 4,962 (9%)
4 7,297 (14%)
5 4,691 (9%)
6 5,427 (10%)
7 1,477 (3%)
8 4,069 (8%)
9 1,021 (2%)
10 3,077 (6%)
11 624 (1%)
12 3,079 (6%)
13 602 (1%)
14 1,765 (3%)
15 1,171 (2%)
16 1,515 (3%)
17 248 (<1%)
18 1,003 (2%)
19 202 (<1%)
20 515 (1%)
21 72 (<1%)
22 59 (<1%)
23 9 (<1%)
Don't know 5,734 (11%)

Interactions with hazardous materials

Ingestion of hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Dog licks or chews items other than toys [de_licks_chews_or_plays_with_non_toys]
No 43,586 (83%)
Yes 9,013 (17%)
Ingestion of hazardous items in past year [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_frequency]
Never 43,835 (83%)
1-2 times 5,947 (11%)
Greater than 2 times 2,817 (5%)
Subset sample size: 8,764 Count (%)
Hazardous items ingested (Multiple choice) [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_]
Chocolate 867 (10%)
Clothing 909 (10%)
Dead Animal 1,598 (18%)
Garbage Or Food 4,076 (47%)
Human Medication 299 (3%)
Other 3,549 (40%)
Pet Medication 160 (2%)
Poison 188 (2%)
Toys 2,426 (28%)
Ingestion of hazardous item required veterinary care [de_recent_toxins_or_hazards_ingested_required_vet]
No 6,707 (77%)
Yes 2,057 (23%)

Interactions with other animals

Animals inside or outside the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Other animals present in dog's environment [de_other_present_animals]
No 18,527 (35%)
Yes 34,072 (65%)
Subset sample size: 34,072 Count (%)
Types of other animals (Multiple choice) [de_other_present_animals_]
Dogs 23,925 (70%)
Cats 16,527 (49%)
Wildlife 12,160 (36%)
Birds 6,570 (19%)
Rodents 4,803 (14%)
Fish 4,107 (12%)
Reptiles 3,497 (10%)
Livestock 2,019 (6%)
Horses 1,653 (5%)
Other 1,525 (4%)
Number of other animals indoors [de_other_present_animals_indoor_count]
0 2,834 (8%)
1 12,970 (38%)
2 7,734 (23%)
3 4,286 (13%)
4 2,352 (7%)
5 1,324 (4%)
6 763 (2%)
7 472 (1%)
8 346 (1%)
9 199 (1%)
10 176 (1%)
>10 616 (2%)
Number of other animals outdoors [de_other_present_animals_outdoor_count]
0 27,970 (82%)
1 1,413 (4%)
2 825 (2%)
3 545 (2%)
4 427 (1%)
5 333 (1%)
6 282 (1%)
7 173 (1%)
8 175 (1%)
9 123 (<1%)
10 169 (<1%)
>10 1,637 (5%)
Interactions between the dog and other animals [de_other_present_animals_interact_with_dog]
No 3,945 (12%)
Yes 30,127 (88%)

About the dog’s daily routine

Daily patterns
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Consistency of daily routine [de_routine_consistency]
No daily routine/my routine varies a lot 1,391 (3%)
Same routine every day 23,121 (44%)
Same routine on weekdays only 7,210 (14%)
Same routine 3-5 days a week 6,248 (12%)
Same routine on weekends only 60 (<1%)
Same routine on most weekends and same routine on most weekdays 14,569 (28%)
Routine activities in a typical day (hours per day)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Crate or cage [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_crate]
0 38,944 (74%)
<1 3,261 (6%)
1 884 (2%)
2 1,029 (2%)
3 583 (1%)
4 575 (1%)
5 344 (1%)
6 728 (1%)
7 713 (1%)
8 2,539 (5%)
9 927 (2%)
10 893 (2%)
11 173 (<1%)
12 446 (1%)
13 76 (<1%)
14 148 (<1%)
15 76 (<1%)
16 110 (<1%)
17 28 (<1%)
18 50 (<1%)
19 13 (<1%)
20 29 (<1%)
21 5 (<1%)
22 5 (<1%)
23 3 (<1%)
24 17 (<1%)
Free roaming in home [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_house]
0 599 (1%)
<1 333 (1%)
1 240 (<1%)
2 436 (1%)
3 388 (1%)
4 757 (1%)
5 631 (1%)
6 1,035 (2%)
7 447 (1%)
8 2,016 (4%)
9 500 (1%)
10 1,928 (4%)
11 423 (1%)
12 3,414 (6%)
13 678 (1%)
14 1,967 (4%)
15 1,718 (3%)
16 3,754 (7%)
17 734 (1%)
18 1,184 (2%)
19 448 (1%)
20 2,317 (4%)
21 1,485 (3%)
22 2,958 (6%)
23 2,928 (6%)
24 19,281 (37%)
Garage or shop [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_garage]
0 48,764 (93%)
<1 2,436 (5%)
1 467 (1%)
2 307 (1%)
3 110 (<1%)
4 120 (<1%)
5 47 (<1%)
6 56 (<1%)
7 28 (<1%)
8 116 (<1%)
9 23 (<1%)
10 50 (<1%)
11 5 (<1%)
12 18 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 9 (<1%)
15 2 (<1%)
16 7 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 3 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 4 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 19 (<1%)
Outdoor kennel [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_outdoor_kennel]
0 51,805 (98%)
<1 301 (1%)
1 99 (<1%)
2 101 (<1%)
3 40 (<1%)
4 41 (<1%)
5 16 (<1%)
6 25 (<1%)
7 19 (<1%)
8 54 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 23 (<1%)
12 18 (<1%)
13 3 (<1%)
14 3 (<1%)
15 1 (<1%)
16 8 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 2 (<1%)
24 12 (<1%)
Fenced yard or pen [de_routine_hours_per_day_in_yard]
0 15,455 (29%)
<1 8,664 (16%)
1 8,456 (16%)
2 8,229 (16%)
3 4,703 (9%)
4 2,837 (5%)
5 867 (2%)
6 949 (2%)
7 153 (<1%)
8 781 (1%)
9 96 (<1%)
10 293 (1%)
11 31 (<1%)
12 328 (1%)
13 25 (<1%)
14 60 (<1%)
15 29 (<1%)
16 83 (<1%)
17 13 (<1%)
18 14 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 35 (<1%)
21 13 (<1%)
22 36 (<1%)
23 30 (<1%)
24 417 (1%)
Free roaming outside [de_routine_hours_per_day_roaming_outside]
0 39,816 (76%)
<1 5,347 (10%)
1 2,893 (6%)
2 1,988 (4%)
3 992 (2%)
4 567 (1%)
5 186 (<1%)
6 218 (<1%)
7 27 (<1%)
8 180 (<1%)
9 18 (<1%)
10 82 (<1%)
11 7 (<1%)
12 78 (<1%)
13 9 (<1%)
14 25 (<1%)
15 9 (<1%)
16 25 (<1%)
17 4 (<1%)
18 8 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 10 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 5 (<1%)
24 99 (<1%)
On a chain or lead [de_routine_hours_per_day_chained_outside]
0 39,767 (76%)
<1 4,850 (9%)
1 4,326 (8%)
2 2,467 (5%)
3 815 (2%)
4 215 (<1%)
5 54 (<1%)
6 34 (<1%)
7 6 (<1%)
8 24 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 7 (<1%)
12 10 (<1%)
13 1 (<1%)
14 1 (<1%)
16 4 (<1%)
17 1 (<1%)
18 1 (<1%)
20 1 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 2 (<1%)
23 5 (<1%)
24 5 (<1%)
In a location away from home [de_routine_hours_per_day_away_from_home]
0 37,310 (71%)
<1 4,753 (9%)
1 3,841 (7%)
2 2,786 (5%)
3 1,015 (2%)
4 640 (1%)
5 288 (1%)
6 356 (1%)
7 159 (<1%)
8 832 (2%)
9 210 (<1%)
10 228 (<1%)
11 32 (<1%)
12 87 (<1%)
13 7 (<1%)
14 14 (<1%)
15 5 (<1%)
16 10 (<1%)
18 4 (<1%)
19 2 (<1%)
20 2 (<1%)
21 1 (<1%)
22 1 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 12 (<1%)
Interacting with other animals [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_other_animals]
0 9,262 (18%)
<1 13,245 (25%)
1 4,655 (9%)
2 3,054 (6%)
3 1,404 (3%)
4 1,507 (3%)
5 737 (1%)
6 1,048 (2%)
7 259 (<1%)
8 1,641 (3%)
9 203 (<1%)
10 1,208 (2%)
11 92 (<1%)
12 1,779 (3%)
13 149 (<1%)
14 534 (1%)
15 481 (1%)
16 1,413 (3%)
17 217 (<1%)
18 344 (1%)
19 29 (<1%)
20 405 (1%)
21 33 (<1%)
22 181 (<1%)
23 164 (<1%)
24 8,555 (16%)
Interacting with adults [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_adults]
0 392 (1%)
<1 1,057 (2%)
1 996 (2%)
2 2,110 (4%)
3 2,269 (4%)
4 3,421 (7%)
5 2,389 (5%)
6 3,638 (7%)
7 935 (2%)
8 5,329 (10%)
9 579 (1%)
10 3,920 (7%)
11 275 (1%)
12 5,773 (11%)
13 431 (1%)
14 1,969 (4%)
15 1,650 (3%)
16 4,419 (8%)
17 558 (1%)
18 1,231 (2%)
19 106 (<1%)
20 1,195 (2%)
21 106 (<1%)
22 450 (1%)
23 260 (<1%)
24 7,141 (14%)
Interacting with teenagers (13-17) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_teens]
0 44,733 (85%)
<1 3,304 (6%)
1 746 (1%)
2 714 (1%)
3 366 (1%)
4 462 (1%)
5 266 (1%)
6 333 (1%)
7 86 (<1%)
8 405 (1%)
9 40 (<1%)
10 234 (<1%)
11 13 (<1%)
12 281 (1%)
13 23 (<1%)
14 71 (<1%)
15 63 (<1%)
16 138 (<1%)
17 12 (<1%)
18 40 (<1%)
19 6 (<1%)
20 31 (<1%)
21 3 (<1%)
22 5 (<1%)
23 7 (<1%)
24 217 (<1%)
Interacting with children (<13) [de_routine_hours_per_day_with_children]
0 41,172 (78%)
<1 5,299 (10%)
1 1,023 (2%)
2 829 (2%)
3 533 (1%)
4 602 (1%)
5 374 (1%)
6 504 (1%)
7 101 (<1%)
8 561 (1%)
9 56 (<1%)
10 303 (1%)
11 11 (<1%)
12 450 (1%)
13 36 (<1%)
14 108 (<1%)
15 73 (<1%)
16 165 (<1%)
17 13 (<1%)
18 50 (<1%)
19 3 (<1%)
20 32 (<1%)
21 2 (<1%)
22 6 (<1%)
23 4 (<1%)
24 289 (1%)

About the dog’s yard

General characteristics
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Size of the yard at home [de_property_area]
I do not have a yard or my dog does not use a yard 5,244 (10%)
Less than 500 square feet 4,127 (8%)
500 to 1000 square feet 10,217 (19%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 12,299 (23%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 10,481 (20%)
1 - 3 acres 5,303 (10%)
More than 3 acres 4,928 (9%)
Subset sample size: 47,355 Count (%)
Regular access to the yard by the dog [de_property_accessible]
No 3,828 (8%)
Yes 43,527 (92%)
Subset sample size: 43,527 Count (%)
Area of yard accessible to the dog [de_property_area_accessible]
Less than 500 square feet 4,734 (11%)
500 to 1000 square feet 12,148 (28%)
1000 to 5000 square feet 12,832 (29%)
Between 5000 square feet and 1 acre 7,674 (18%)
1 - 3 acres 3,800 (9%)
More than 3 acres 2,339 (5%)
Presence of fence or other containment [de_property_containment_type]
No, dog is not contained 5,207 (12%)
Yes, dog is contained by a fence or barrier 32,553 (75%)
Yes, dog is contained by a lead or chain 2,754 (6%)
Yes, dog is contained in a kennel 30 (<1%)
Yes, dog is contained in another way 945 (2%)
Yes, dog is contained by an invisible fence 1,878 (4%)
Yes, dog is contained by an electric fence 160 (<1%)
Sources of drinking water in the yard (Multiple choice) [de_property_drinking_water_]
Bowl 31,209 (72%)
Hose 3,395 (8%)
None 9,545 (22%)
Other 3,961 (9%)
Puddles 4,810 (11%)
Unknown 156 (<1%)
Pesticide and herbicide application
Subset sample size: 43,527 Count (%)
Yard treated to control weeds [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
No 30,852 (71%)
Yes 11,831 (27%)
Unknown 844 (2%)
Subset sample size: 12,675 Count (%)
Frequency of herbicide applicaton [de_property_weed_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 1,440 (11%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 5,493 (43%)
Irregularly applied, year round 350 (3%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,671 (21%)
Infrequently 1,877 (15%)
Unknown 844 (7%)
Home treated to control insects and pests [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Never 32,781 (62%)
Regularly applied, year round 6,290 (12%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 5,590 (11%)
Irregularly applied, year round 955 (2%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,543 (5%)
Infrequently 2,837 (5%)
Unknown 1,603 (3%)
Subset sample size: 15,551 Count (%)
Frequence of pesticide application [de_property_pest_control_frequency]
Regularly applied, year round 5,151 (33%)
Regularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 4,627 (30%)
Irregularly applied, year round 738 (5%)
Irregularly applied, seasonally (part of the year) 2,146 (14%)
Infrequently 2,333 (15%)
Unknown 556 (4%)
Ingestion of non-hazardous, non-food items
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Ingestion of grass [de_eats_grass_frequency]
Never 8,228 (16%)
Frequently 14,859 (28%)
Infrequently 29,512 (56%)
Ingestion of feces [de_eats_feces]
No 38,475 (73%)
Yes 11,794 (22%)
Unknown 2,330 (4%)
Subset sample size: 11,794 Count (%)
Type of feces (Multiple choice) [de_eats_feces_]
Wildlife 4,958 (42%)
Own Feces 4,050 (34%)
Other Dog 3,888 (33%)
Cat 3,656 (31%)
Other 1,004 (9%)
Horse 929 (8%)
Cattle 270 (2%)
Alterate outdoor water sources
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Drinking from outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water]
No 33,342 (63%)
Yes 19,257 (37%)
Subset sample size: 19,257 Count (%)
Frequency of use of outdoor water sources [de_drinks_outdoor_water_frequency]
Daily 1,994 (10%)
Weekly 5,341 (28%)
Monthly 3,241 (17%)
Rarely 8,681 (45%)

Neighborhood characteristics

Features of the environment around the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Traffic noise heard from inside home [de_traffic_noise_in_home_frequency]
Never 7,295 (14%)
Seldom 20,378 (39%)
Sometimes 16,062 (31%)
Usually 6,285 (12%)
Always 2,565 (5%)
Unknown 14 (<1%)
Traffic noise heard from yard [de_traffic_noise_in_property_frequency]
Never 1,875 (4%)
Seldom 12,469 (29%)
Sometimes 15,812 (36%)
Usually 8,836 (20%)
Always 4,522 (10%)
Unknown 13 (<1%)
Sidewalks in dog's neighborhood [de_neighborhood_has_sidewalks]
No 18,865 (36%)
Yes, on all the streets 22,453 (43%)
Yes, on some streets 11,281 (21%)
Parks within half a mile of home [de_neighborhood_has_parks]
No 8,807 (17%)
Yes 43,792 (83%)

Neighborhood social environment

Interactions near the home
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Dog interactions with animals [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals]
No 23,533 (45%)
Yes 29,066 (55%)
Subset sample size: 29,066 Count (%)
Owner present during animal interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_animals_with_owner]
No 2,663 (9%)
Yes 26,403 (91%)
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Dog interactions with humans [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans]
No 14,599 (28%)
Yes 38,000 (72%)
Subset sample size: 38,000 Count (%)
Owner present during human interactions [de_interacts_with_neighborhood_humans_with_owner]
No 3,344 (9%)
Yes 34,656 (91%)

Extralocal environmental exposure

Dog parks
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Taking dog to dog park [de_dogpark]
No 31,681 (60%)
Yes 20,918 (40%)
Subset sample size: 20,918 Count (%)
Days per month at dog park [de_dogpark_days_per_month]
< 1 6,201 (30%)
1 2,758 (13%)
2 2,662 (13%)
3 1,303 (6%)
4 2,046 (10%)
5 921 (4%)
6 488 (2%)
7 227 (1%)
8 603 (3%)
9 53 (<1%)
10 685 (3%)
11 11 (<1%)
12 291 (1%)
13 21 (<1%)
14 75 (<1%)
15 415 (2%)
16 68 (<1%)
17 16 (<1%)
18 44 (<1%)
19 4 (<1%)
20 558 (3%)
21 41 (<1%)
22 42 (<1%)
23 24 (<1%)
24 52 (<1%)
25 315 (2%)
26 42 (<1%)
27 29 (<1%)
28 110 (1%)
29 33 (<1%)
30 345 (2%)
31 435 (2%)
Transportation to dog park (Multiple choice) [de_dogpark_travel_]
Drive 18,432 (88%)
Walk 5,643 (27%)
Bike 166 (1%)
Public Transportation 105 (1%)
Other 77 (<1%)
Travel time to dog park (hours)* [de_dogpark_travel_time_hours]
0 20,022 (96%)
1 705 (3%)
2 66 (<1%)
3 26 (<1%)
4 19 (<1%)
5 12 (<1%)
6 5 (<1%)
7 4 (<1%)
8 3 (<1%)
9 2 (<1%)
10 22 (<1%)
12+ 32 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Open spaces
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Taking dog to open recreational spaces [de_recreational_spaces]
No 16,793 (32%)
Yes 35,806 (68%)
Subset sample size: 35,806 Count (%)
Days per month at open spaces [de_recreational_spaces_days_per_month]
< 1 5,464 (15%)
1 3,908 (11%)
2 4,691 (13%)
3 2,392 (7%)
4 4,077 (11%)
5 2,056 (6%)
6 1,097 (3%)
7 519 (1%)
8 1,287 (4%)
9 91 (<1%)
10 1,718 (5%)
11 23 (<1%)
12 620 (2%)
13 26 (<1%)
14 155 (<1%)
15 1,120 (3%)
16 147 (<1%)
17 35 (<1%)
18 83 (<1%)
19 12 (<1%)
20 1,527 (4%)
21 95 (<1%)
22 92 (<1%)
23 40 (<1%)
24 162 (<1%)
25 957 (3%)
26 117 (<1%)
27 99 (<1%)
28 342 (1%)
29 89 (<1%)
30 1,438 (4%)
31 1,327 (4%)
Transportation to open spaces (Multiple choice) [de_recreational_spaces_travel_]
Drive 28,362 (79%)
Walk 15,437 (43%)
Bike 416 (1%)
Public Transportation 141 (<1%)
Other 132 (<1%)
Travel time to open spaces (hours)* [de_recreational_spaces_travel_time_hours]
0 32,745 (91%)
1 2,327 (6%)
2 433 (1%)
3 116 (<1%)
4 53 (<1%)
5 29 (<1%)
6 16 (<1%)
7 6 (<1%)
8 9 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 32 (<1%)
12+ 39 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Work
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Taking dog to work [de_work]
No 43,165 (82%)
Yes 9,434 (18%)
Subset sample size: 9,434 Count (%)
Days per month at work [de_work_days_per_month]
< 1 2,190 (23%)
1 963 (10%)
2 856 (9%)
3 401 (4%)
4 709 (8%)
5 507 (5%)
6 153 (2%)
7 72 (1%)
8 254 (3%)
9 30 (<1%)
10 317 (3%)
11 3 (<1%)
12 216 (2%)
13 21 (<1%)
14 44 (<1%)
15 242 (3%)
16 168 (2%)
17 9 (<1%)
18 56 (1%)
19 12 (<1%)
20 922 (10%)
21 38 (<1%)
22 122 (1%)
23 37 (<1%)
24 86 (1%)
25 145 (2%)
26 17 (<1%)
27 13 (<1%)
28 54 (1%)
29 13 (<1%)
30 213 (2%)
31 551 (6%)
Transportation to work (Multiple choice [de_work_travel_]
Bike 63 (1%)
Drive 7,670 (81%)
Other 1,025 (11%)
Public Transportation 165 (2%)
Walk 1,007 (11%)
Travel time to work (hours)* [de_work_travel_time_hours]
0 8,616 (91%)
1 698 (7%)
2 65 (1%)
3 15 (<1%)
4 6 (<1%)
5 2 (<1%)
6 6 (<1%)
7 2 (<1%)
8 8 (<1%)
9 1 (<1%)
10 6 (<1%)
11 1 (<1%)
12+ 8 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes
Dog sitter or daycare
Sample size: 52,599 Count (%)
Taking dog to pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare]
No 39,603 (75%)
Yes 12,996 (25%)
Subset sample size: 12,996 Count (%)
Days per month at pet care [de_sitter_or_daycare_days_per_month]
< 1 5,264 (41%)
1 1,457 (11%)
2 1,543 (12%)
3 691 (5%)
4 1,598 (12%)
5 458 (4%)
6 188 (1%)
7 70 (1%)
8 693 (5%)
9 46 (<1%)
10 231 (2%)
11 4 (<1%)
12 257 (2%)
13 11 (<1%)
14 18 (<1%)
15 103 (1%)
16 53 (<1%)
17 2 (<1%)
18 18 (<1%)
19 1 (<1%)
20 220 (2%)
21 8 (<1%)
22 17 (<1%)
23 9 (<1%)
24 5 (<1%)
25 12 (<1%)
26 2 (<1%)
27 1 (<1%)
28 3 (<1%)
29 2 (<1%)
30 4 (<1%)
31 7 (<1%)
Transportation to pet care (Multiple choice) [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_]
Drive 12,228 (94%)
Walk 880 (7%)
Other 220 (2%)
Public Transportation 43 (<1%)
Bike 30 (<1%)
Travel time to pet care (hours)* [de_sitter_or_daycare_travel_time_hours]
0 12,315 (95%)
1 495 (4%)
2 57 (<1%)
3 29 (<1%)
4 13 (<1%)
5 10 (<1%)
6 10 (<1%)
7 4 (<1%)
8 25 (<1%)
9 6 (<1%)
10 12 (<1%)
12+ 20 (<1%)
*Curated data includes average minutes